Signal-Detection theory was applied to analysis of automatic data. In one experiment, anxiety surrounding auditory signals was induced; in the other, signals were administered to a psychometrically anxious group. Subjects in both experiments had enhanced automatic activity. (Author/CS)

A review of experiments which demonstrate the release of ATP from skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and active brain tissue. Effects of exogenously applied ATP to brain tissue are discussed in relation to whole body exercise. (Author/SA)

Aims at providing data for evaluating the proposition that associations between exteroceptive (outside) stimuli and illness play a role in determining the effect of unconditioned stimulus preexposure on subsequent taste aversion conditioning. (Author/RK)

Discusses four experiments concerned with environmental determiners of the taste familiarity effect. Specifically, external environmental stimulation experienced by the subject at the time of taste preexposure and taste conditioning was varied in order to assess its influence on taste aversion learning. (Author/RK)

This study is the first demonstration of sequential contrast effects with human subjects during the acquisition of a discrimination without errors. Results are discussed in terms of Terrace's theory of errorless learning. (Editor/RK)

The increasing use of multidimensional scaling (MDS) as a descriptive and explanatory aid to studying the behavior of individuals to complex stimuli raises some important theoretical questions regarding the interpretation that can be placed on such solutions. Problems involved in equating multidimensional scaling solutions with cognitive…

Verbal memory was investigated using two miniature artificial languages that were identical except for the design of their reference system. One reference field was illustrated as a set of continuous elements, the other as a holistic unit. (Editor)

Describes a series of experiments showing that in normal subjects (a) iconic storage occurs primarily in the retina in the photoreceptors and (b) under conditions of dark pre- and postexposure fields, the icon is mainly a rod phenomenon. Draws conclusions based on these experiments, discusses previous work done by others, and attempts to reconcile…

Two sets of measurements evaluated performance on typographically inverted text that students had learned to read 13 to 15 months earlier. (Editor)

Attempts to determine the extent that typicality effects obtained in previous research on natural semantic categories could be obtained in artificial categories purely as a function of structural principles when the frequency and nature of experience with items were controlled. (Author/RK)

Describes an experiment to demonstrate Boyle's law that provides pressure measurements in a familiar unit (psi) and makes no assumptions concerning atmospheric pressure. Items needed include bathroom scales and a 60-ml syringe, castor oil, disposable 3-ml syringe and needle, modeling clay, pliers, and a wooden block. Commercial devices use a…

Describes a very simple and effective method of DNA extraction from dried peas. Presents information on the Green Machine Science Education Center that promotes education in gene technology. (JRH)

Describes an experiment using a plant pathogenic fungus in which students learn to follow aseptic techniques, grow and produce spores of a fungus, use a hemacytometer for enumerating spores, prepare serial dilutions, grow and inoculate plants, isolate a pure culture using agar streak plates, and demonstrate the four steps of Koch's postulates.…

Paired-samples experimental designs are appropriate and widely used when there is a natural correspondence or pairing of scores. However, researchers must not fail to consider the implications of undetected correlation between supposedly independent samples in the absence of explicit pairing. (SLD)

Traces the evolution of physics research methods in Finland from passive observations to planned experiments. Presents examples of planned experiments designed to solve particular problems with the goal of establishing a theory of the phenomenon under study. Contains 16 references. (JRH)