For decades, developmental psychologists and educators have emphasized that learning about counterintuitive phenomena may be a critical driving force for cognitive development. Thus far, little is known about the specific content that children seek to enrich their knowledge. Using a novel book-choice paradigm, we directly examine children's…

This study focused on the allocation decisions that college and university leaders make with potentially transformational donations and their associated decision-making processes. A gift was defined as potentially transformational if it was: 1) unrestricted and 2) exceeded 25% of an organization's annual revenues or existing endowment. These types…

Generation Z members are our future leaders. They are eventually going to run the world and are starting to make their unique characteristics known. Due to the current generational transitions, they will assume leadership roles earlier than previous generations, mainly owing to the increased migration of Baby Boomers out of the workforce.…

Token reinforcement procedures are used to increase appropriate behavior (e.g., completion of instructional tasks) and decrease problem behavior (e.g., aggression) in a wide array of clinical contexts. Token exchange-production schedules, which specify the number of tokens that must be accrued to produce the exchange schedule, are important…

The purpose of this review is to identify the application of eye-gaze stimulus preference assessment as well as the various characteristics of those assessments in the research literature. We conducted a systematic review that identified 18 articles using eye gaze to identify preferred stimuli. Of those studies, seven were used to determine a…

Recent work in reinforcement learning has demonstrated a choice preference for an option that has a lower probability of reward (A) when paired with an alternative option that has a higher probability of reward (C), if A has been experienced more frequently than C (the frequency effect). This finding is critical as it is inconsistent with…

Given the array of generations in the workplace and the variety of learning theories and technological exposure across those generations, many instructional design professionals argue that training should be tailored to these differences. We were skeptical of this assertion and sought to explore evidence for improved effectiveness in tailoring…

The semantics and pragmatics of polar questions remain undertheorized. Standard proposition-set accounts (Hamblin, 1976; Groenendijk and Stokhof, 1984), which take question meanings to be identifiable with the (appropriately defined) set of their answers, have been developed mostly for wh-questions; when applied to polar questions, they predict…

This study aimed to determine which type of information source--providing either mathematical or relative data--children aged 5-11 would prefer. Additionally, the study examined how children justified their choices and whether differences existed in their justifications. A total of 837 children participated in the study. The children watched…

Background: In light of the growing need to understand interactive learning effectivity and especially post-COVID 19 pandemic constraints, the key question is how to develop interactive videos in order to get the most effective results. Objectives: This research aims to explore the pedagogical benefits of interactive video with branching…

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of viewing different types of digital environment images on college students' positive emotions, nature relatedness and environmental preference. This aimed to address the gap in empirical studies regarding the effects of digital environment images on these psychological constructs.…

Several educational mapping techniques include mind mapping, concept mapping, knowledge mapping and competence mapping. This research used pedagogically informed competence maps featuring subject matter and learner capabilities. Mytelemap, a prototype tool, helps learners structure and visualise competence maps and provides study links based on…

Functional analysis has been shown to effectively identify the function of challenging behavior and inform the design of function-based treatment that emphasizes reinforcement-based procedures. However, there is minimal research on culturally responsive approaches to functional analysis with bilingual clients with a developmental disability who…

Most research on anonymity in computer-supported collaborative learning, which has reported both positive and negative outcomes, largely focuses on a fully anonymous login mode. In this context, further research is necessary to finetune the approach to the 'login mode' to optimise the potential benefits while mitigating the drawbacks. This study…

In developing countries like Cameroon, students' participation in higher education can improve on the social, economic, and political status of the country. However, the mismatch between students' program choices and the preferences of the admission board may undermine this vision of national development. Surprisingly, even when students are…