The concept model addressed in this paper is the set of assumptions, data, and inferences used in the instructional design of concept learning. A new way of looking at concepts is presented that takes into account the declarative and metacognitive components of concept learning and use. Implications for instruction are outlined. The paper is…

While it is often assumed that a single mechanism underlies varied experimental evidences of selectivity, Berlyne (1969) suggested that attention-like selectivity may take place in a number of quite separate neural systems. This study examined the issue of visuospatial attention by investigating covert orientation or "looking out of the corner of…

A study was conducted which continued the investigation of the underlying structure of supervision by empirically testing Bernard's (1979) two-dimensional model and Littrell et al.'s (1979) unidimensional developmental model of supervision. To test the models, 25 counselor trainees from two master's counselor programs were compared to 23 counselor…

Portions of two previous studies which examined the effects of training in transactional analysis upon the interpersonal communication between supervisor and supervisee form the basis of this exploratory study. Major findings in the previous studies suggest that cognitive scripting, i.e., the behavioral patterns, thought patterns, and…

A model of mental representations is developed and shown to provide a framework for interpreting research. The content of awareness is characterized as a model of the world capable of simulating future events, anticipating present events, and thereby formulating appropriate actions. Properties of awareness and of underlying processes are…

From a cognitive point of view, students construct new knowledge frameworks by relating new information to prior knowledge. Visual constructions help students reestablish unity of knowledge from "bits" of information received in linear note taking. Discusses the benefits of note taking and review, and summarizes visual note-taking…

Spontaneous combinations and phonological variations of the vocalizations of an African Grey parrot were treated as if they were intentional requests or comments. The success of these "referential mapping" procedures in attaching functional significance to the parrot's vocalizations may have implications for intervention programs for…

Investigates the effects of cognitive mapping on written summarization and comprehension of expository text. Concludes that mapping appears to assist students in: (1) developing procedural knowledge resulting in more effective written summarization and (2) identifying and using supporting details in their essays. (MG)

Three experiments examined the ability of 60 3-year-old children's ability to select homonym pairs and the extent to which they realized that homonyms represent 2 different categories. Results confirm that children have the metalinguistic skills necessary to identify homonym pairs and to realize they represent two different categories, suggesting…

Addresses two questions that may be unique to perceptual learning: What are the circumstances that produce learning? and What is the content of learning? Suggests a critical principle for each question. Provides a discussion of perceptual learning theory, how learning occurs, and what gets learned. Includes a 121-item bibliography. (DR)

The generation and recall by students of personally relevant information with techniques that varied in the use of spatial and verbal aspects of node-link maps were studied with 108 college students. Students who used node-link maps became more proficient over time than those who used listing. (SLD)

Examined the ability of younger and older preschool children from different backgrounds to map labels to objects to establish inclusion relationships. (Author/VWL)

Discusses cognitive navigation, cognitive maps and online learning, and the role of the hippocampus in navigation. Topics include brain research in animal and human studies; types of memory; human navigation, including land navigation and information navigation; instructional strategies; tree maps of curriculum structure; cognitive complexity; and…

Examines cognitive maps on research topics generated by experts and non-experts. Both experts and non-experts modified the given vocabulary by either adding or dropping terms. The dominant configuration for the maps was top-down. Experts tended to use a problem-oriented approach to organize vocabulary while non-experts often applied a…

Merrill etal. (1996) reported that persons with intellectual disability (ID) were slower at learning a visual search task to automaticity relative to persons of the same age without ID. For persons without ID, automaticity develops most rapidly under conditions in which a response is always the same for a particular stimulus. This study was…