Noting that recent issues of several scholarly journals have contained criticism of protocol analysis and the use of verbal reports in the analysis of the writing process, this paper examines some of the charges made and then explores the implications of the criticisms. Specific charges addressed in the paper include the following: (1) protocols…

The discourse classification systems used most frequently by reseachers in composition credit A. Bain, J. Moffett, J. Emig, J. Kinneavy, J. Britton, and R. Lloyd-Jones. A majority of the studies that have included discourse types as a major focus of their work were designed to investigate students' syntactic structures. Other studies focused on…

Intended to improve the quality of public documents by making them clearer to the people who use them, this book contains document design principles concerned with writing documents that are visually distinct, attractive, and easily understood. Following an introduction, the major portion of the book presents the 25 principles, each of which…

Noting that present evaluation systems are so limited that they are neither reliable nor valid, this monograph critically reviews studies designed to evaluate composition programs at four major universities. The book offers theoretical and practical guidance through discussion of generalities from the four studies and pertinent questions and…

In a longitudinal study comparing two different methods of handwriting instruction, the manuscript and cursive styles of D'Nealian and Zaner Bloser were compared. Subjects were 86 first and second graders, from four classrooms in a rural Illinois school district, taught according to only one or the other of these methods since kindergarten. A…

The act of composing is best described as a set of distinguishable processes that interact. There are four methods for researching these processes: (1) behavior protocols, in which subjects are observed but are not asked to report their thought processes verbally; (2) directed reports, in which subjects are asked to explain how they performed a…

A study to determine the effect of audience on student writers' revision strategies involved 13 college students, seven reasonably competent upper-level writers and six basic writers, who were assigned to write for an hour on a uniform essay topic, composing aloud into a tape recorder as they did so. Six of the upper level students and five of the…

A pilot study was conducted to compare the quality of essays written by college freshmen in 1963 and in 1977. Twenty-five compositions from each college year were used. The compositions in the two groups of essays were coded according to each writer's sex, high school ranking, and scores on the American College Testing Program. In this way 25…

To determine what entering college freshmen think they are doing when they write, a study examined the kind of writing that goes on outside the classroom through a one-year case study of 17 students. All written material done outside of class was collected and each writer was interviewed at least once per term. A system of classification was then…

A profile of the articles that appeared in the first ten volumes of "Research in the Teaching of English" indicates that throughout the decade of the 1970s more research effort was directed toward language and composition than was directed toward literature and more toward reading than toward nonprint media. Research for the 1980s should focus on…

To determine if people who wrote legal documents could read such documents with understanding and rewrite them to be understandable to the general public, eight experienced government writers were asked to rewrite a portion of a government regulation for a general audience. The writers--four lawyers and four nonlawyers--were audio recorded as they…

Examines colloquial contractions (spelling variants such as "kinda" and "hafta") against a background of other variations in the English writing system with respect to their morphological identity, characteristic spelling patterns, and significance in print. Divides variants into those that are independent of speech variation…

Examines the perceptions of one experienced and four inexperienced college writers regarding the functions of writing in academic settings, citing social and personal factors influencing content and motivation. Presents 13 functions following a developmental sequence identified through inference by the researcher, including responsive, evaluative,…

Investigates differences in writing styles between males and females who wrote persuasive request letters, sales letters, and collection letters in an undergraduate business communication class. Results indicate significant differences by letter but not by gender, with no significant interaction between letter and gender. (RAE)

Describes research on how female language characteristics affect the writing processes and written products of female basic writers. (SR)