Children learn arithmetic procedures by rote, rather than by constructing them with an understanding of numbers. Rote learning produces lack of flexibility, nonsensical errors, and other difficulties. Proposed is a theory of conceptual understanding and its role in learning and executing arithmetic procedures. The basic hypothesis is that…

When latent class parameters are estimated, maximum likelihood and Pearson chi-square statistics can be derived for assessing the fit of the model to the data. This study used simulated data to compare these two statistics, and is based on mixtures of latent binomial distributions, using data generated from five dichotomous manifest variables.…

This report of an ongoing research project intended to provide computer assistance to Army units for the scheduling of training focuses on the feasibility of simulated annealing, a heuristic approach for solving scheduling problems. Following an executive summary and brief introduction, the document is divided into three sections. First, the Army…

The problem of this study was to develop, validate, and establish the reliability of a computer simulation which would: (1) distinguish between concrete and formal thinking patterns related to control of variables; (2) be easily administered to a class of secondary school age subjects; (3) preserve the interactive aspects of the Piagetian task;…

Recent research on hypothesis testing strategies (the strategy a person uses to determine the correctness of a specific hypothesis) has produced contradictory results. The three strategies available have been labeled confirmatory, neutral, and disconfirmatory. Some research has found that a confirmatory testing style predominates, while other…

An overview of participative exercises of the game/simulation/case study type is provided, and seven distinct types of exercises are identified and briefly described; i.e., "pure" games; "pure" simulations; "pure" case studies; simulation games; games used as case studies; simulated case studies; and simulation games used as case studies. The…

The booklet describes the approach to career education for hearing impaired students developed by the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School (KDES) in the District of Columbia. The KDES model is described in terms of project direction and the seven model components: planning, staff development, program development, curriculum development,…

Two games are presented which demonstrate the complexity of the hazardous waste problem through an introduction to the: (1) economics of waste disposal; (2) legislation surrounding waste disposal; (3) necessity to handle wastes with care; (4) damages to the environmental and human health resulting from improper disposal; (5) correct ways to…

This siting game is based on the assumption that students will become involved in research required to determine the need for a power plant. Once the need is established, students must determine the location and type of plant to be built. There are brief character sketches which describe the key actors in the simulation. It is suggested that…

Described in the context of a computer simulation are highlights of a program of research focusing on the storage of mathematics problem solving information in young children's memory and the development of such knowledge structures in older children. Specifically discussed are the problem size effect, the network nature of the memory…

Legislation regarding penalty severity and control over punishment raises questions about the effect of potential penalties on verdicts. Experimental evidence from previous studies is mixed and subject to debate over the worth of simulations. In this study it was expected that the effect of penalties on verdicts would depend on strength of…

The paper describes a microcomputer simulation program developed to train preservice special education teachers in the use of basic behavior modification skills. The program was written in SuperPILOT on an Apple IIe using a BCD interface card and a Panasonic NV 8200 video tape recorder. Production suggestions are offered. The incorporation of…

A study is reported in which 7 children (2 girls and 5 boys, 11 to 12 years of age) with a year of LOGO Programming experience were asked to think aloud about how a LOGO procedure would work, and then to predict by hand-simulation of the programs, what the graphics turtle "pen" would draw when the program was executed. While all children…

The "Rainbow Shoppe", a two-hour distributive education preparatory project laboratory, is unique in its approach to simulating the real world of business because it uses computers to chart its sales, purchases, profits, and inventory. (Author)

This article describes a simulation by means of which college students better understand the process of bureaucratic growth and the effects of this structure on alienation from work and expressive relationships. A brief discussion on the general nature of gaming and simulation techniques is included. (Author/DE)