The use of geographic information systems (GIS) has seen a steady increase since the first PC-based GIS software was developed in the latter half of the 1980s. Prior to that, GIS was run on mainframe computers and was a relatively crude and arcane technology by today's standards. This chapter introduces key concepts, tools, data sources, and types…

This chapter shows how institutional researchers can make use of geographic information systems (GIS) to improve the quality of their surveys and extract more information from their results. GIS can contribute to at least three stages of the survey process: (1) survey design (through a better understanding of the population being surveyed); (2)…

Relative to other fields, social work has been slow to adopt geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool for research and practice. This paper argues that GIS can benefit social work by: (1) continuing and strengthening the social survey tradition; (2) providing a framework for understanding human behavior; (3) identifying community needs and…

Tactile maps for visually impaired persons can be made by drawing lines with an aqueous adhesive solution, dusting with thermoengraving powder, and exposing the card to a source of intense heat (such as a heat gun or microwave oven). A raised line map results. (CL)

This paper discusses the authenticity of digital spatial data. The first section describes three formats for digital spatial data: vector, raster, and thematic. The second section addresses the integrity of spatial data, including six possible formats for the same information: (1) aerial photographic prints, time stamped, primary, remotely sensed…

The 1849 edition of this textbook is a course in elementary surveying. All instruments needed for plotting and their uses have been described. Conventional signs adopted by the U.S. Topographical Bureau are provided. Surveying public lands and maritime navigation are covered.

Secondary teachers should find these guidelines useful in helping students to become more map conscious and critical of maps. Various ways in which map elements can be manipulated to make maps persuasive and how such maps have been used are examined. Tips for identifying these maps are provided. (RM)

Focuses on how to teach general reference cartographic maps (maps that show feature's of the earth's surface easily recognizable by most people). Notes that the content of general reference maps can best be understood in terms of the structure of simple lists. (RS)

Discusses software that educators can use to teach about distortions associated with alternative map projections. Examines the Projection, MicroCAM, World, and Atlas-GIS software programs. Suggests using the software in either introductory or more advanced courses dealing with map design or thematic cartography. Explains how to obtain the…

This work introduces an application of differential geometry to cartography. The mathematical aspects of some geographical projections of Earth surface are revealed together with some of its more important properties. An important problem since the discovery of the 'spherical' form of the Earth is how to compose a reliable map of the surface of…

In an increasingly competitive economy, the capacity for self-motivation, problem-solving skills and an ability to think critically are core graduate attributes. However, the capacity to create an educational environment that develops and harnesses such skills is a distinct challenge as resources become increasingly restricted. Geographical Skills…

Presents a lesson designed to simulate the events of The Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act in the classroom by assigning students roles as different Alaska natives with different concerns. Emphasizes map reading skills, resource inventorying, composite map production, land use and cultural values, and the process of land selection. (Author/AEM)

Describes a study which examined how to improve the readability of maps for upper elementary and middle school students. Data were gathered through interviews with 96 students who were asked a series of questions requiring the interpretation of one of four experimental maps. (AM)

The article describes the methods and procedures of computerized statistical cartography, the production of statistical maps, and provides suggestions for its application in special education research and planning. (Author/CL)

Discusses a cuneiform Babylonian tablet from about 500 B.C., the earliest extant world map. Explores bases for contemporary interpretation of the map. Observes that the map contains representations found in later maps. Suggests that modern views of the world are no less culturally laden than much earlier perspectives were. (SG)