Recent studies of folk biology clearly reveal the detailed empirical knowledge of living things which is an important and characteristic element of pre-scientific cultures. This paper attempts a contribution to the study of such systems of knowledge by analyzing the comparable skills of a few American birdwatchers. The process of identification of…

The categorizations which humans make of the concrete world are not arbitrary but highly determined. In taxonomies of concrete objects, there is one level of abstraction at which the most basic category cuts are made. Basic categories are those which carry the most information, possess the highest category cue validity, and are, thus, the most…

There are four articles in this report; the first three were written by Charles J. Fillmore: "Lexical Entries for Verbs,""Review of 'Componential Analysis of General Vocabulary--The Semantic Structure of a Set of Verbs in English, Hindi, and Japanese, Part II' by Edward Herman Bendix," and "Types of Lexical…

This paper attempts to show that Zwicky's rule of Auxiliary Reduction is an incorrect analysis of the contraction of auxiliaries in English; and that the phonological processes involved are not as complicated as Zwicky makes them out to be. A simpler explanation is offered through analyzing auxiliary reduction as a three-step process. The three…

This study involved an investigation of the use of Pearson r, tetrachoric r, phi, phi/phi maximum, and Kendall Tau-B coefficients as measures of association for the incomplete principal components analysis of simulated Likert scale attitudinal data, based on a known factor pattern and possessing different types of severe departures from normality.…

This paper reports on an experiment designed to collect data on children's perception and use of semantic attributes. Forty-five children ranging in age from 2 years 8 months to 6 years were given a picture test involving judgment of similarities between objects. The test consisted of 47 groups of pictures; each group contained a stimulus or a…

A review of the problems encountered in studying literary texts focuses on the dangers of treating the text as a source of linguistic data rather than as a complete work in itself. Comments pertaining to the relationship of language and literature include discussion of teaching methods, literary criticism, background information, and literary…

The author argues that a componential analysis of Russian case desinences is possible and useful, and that it consequently deserves a place in the linguistic analysis of Contemporary Standard Russian. The two basic assumptions of the author's theory are: first, that the meaning of cases reflects primarily the relation of substantives to the action…

An attitude questionnaire, administered to third, fourth, and fifth grade students, is discussed. The questionnaire, "How I Feel," was composed of a packet of directions to the teacher, directions to the student with sample questions, and 11 concepts, each of which was evaluated by six bipolar adjective pairs that were chosen because of…

How does the lack of articles in Russian influence the distinction between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses? The problem is discussed in comparison with German. Russian disposes only of facultative, but nonambiguous instruments. Certain determiners allow a precise differentiation between two kinds of relative clauses. (Text is in…

Original article appeared in "Trudy po znakovym sistemam," 5 p288-309 1971. (DD)

Relates the variations in scribal spacings found in hand-produced Old English manuscripts to linguistic features of the text, including the syntactic structures as identified by immediate constituent analysis. (VJ)

The authors report results of a study into the role of components of first-language (L1; Dutch) and second-language (L2; English) reading comprehension. Differences in the contributions of components of L1 and L2 reading comprehension are analyzed, in particular processing speed in L1 and L2. Findings indicate that regression weights of the L1 and…