Recent studies related to community placement of mentally retarded persons are reviewed. Analyses of studies measuring direct behavior change as well as those based upon clinical and qualitative methods are included. The need for additional studies employing both types of methodologies is stressed. (Author)

Tested hypotheses that interpretations increase clients' motivation to change and that interpretations identifying causal factors clients can directly control lead to greater client change than interpretations identifying causes clients cannot directly control. Students experiencing problems with procrastination participated. Results generally…

The problem drinking continuum was devised to illustrate different kinds of alcohol-related problems, without implying irreversibility, progression, or the presence of a unitary disease. It is one way of conceptualizing alcohol dependencies that has been fruitful in outpatient counseling, residential care, alcohol education, and training programs.…

Three retarded epileptic individuals (17 to 22 years old) with a variety of seizure disorders were provided with 8 to 12 Hz occipital EEG biofeedback training. While seizures were not totally eliminated in any of the Ss, the results of the study indicated that all Ss exhibited decreases in some aspect of their seizure activity. (Author)

Discusses why measuring behavior change is an effective way to project how the training program is contributing to the objectives of the organization and reducing operating costs. (CT)

Third grade learning disabled students (N=72) were assigned randomly to one of two treatment groups or a control group. The group receiving the instructional program performed significantly better on two of the three tasks. (Author/SB)

Evaluated effects of perceived freedom of choice on behavior change. Subjects were assigned to groups that varied in amount of perceived choice in determining training procedures. Subjects who perceived that they were given choice in training procedures improved significantly more than subjects who lost freedom of choice. (Author/BEF)

Explores whether training can affect the illusory correlation. Materials used by Chapman and Chapman (1969) were used. Attempts were made to influence the illusory correlation by providing a simulated training session. Training was no more effective than nontraining in reducing this phenomenon. This is consistent with Chapman and Chapman (1969).…

Suggests to teachers some techniques for identifying and helping the school-phobic child. (SJL)

The first purpose of this editorial is to indicate a parallel trend in two disparate areas of research: information processing and cognitive-behavior modification (CBM). The second purpose is to highlight the role that affect plays in intellectual functioning, noting implications following the assessment of intelligence. (Author/RD)

The paper presents guidelines for training staff to implement positive reductive procedures to decrease undesirable behaviors of their retarded students and clients. Considerations relevant to all reductive procedures are briefly discussed in the first portion of the paper, while guidelines indigenous to positive reductive procedures are discussed…

Ledwidge's recent implication that cognitive behavior modification is "a step in the wrong direction" is examined and evaluated. Misconceptions about the alleged differences between cognitive and behavior therapists are noted, with particular emphasis on metaphysical dualism and dichotomous categorization. (Author/MP)

The article is designed to help parents and teachers understand the causes of common behaviors of gifted children that become "problems" to adults and to suggest some effective strategies for dealing with such behaviors. (SBH)

A survey of 34 New England colleges reveals that college women are more likely to smoke than are college men. (JD)

Increases in legitimate opportunities for women may be accompanied by increases in female criminality. Crucial links between opportunity and delinquency are identified. The equal opportunity hypothesis is expanded into a comprehensive predictive model. (Author)