Responding to Willower's earlier questioning of the concept of systems' functional requirements, the author outlines the Parsonian theory of action, discussing action systems' components (values, norms, organizations, and facilities) and their functional imperatives or requirements (pattern maintenance, integration, goal attainment, and…

Presents an overview of the management planning technique known as Break Even Analysis and outlines its use as a tool in financial planning for organizations intending to conduct or sponsor a conference, seminar, or workshop. Three figures illustrating Break Even Analysis concepts and a Break Even Analysis worksheet are included. (JL)

Provides a chart to be used with the Dale-Chall Readability Formula to simplify computation of readability level. (MKM)

Analyzes the procedure for playing "Life Game" in three major phases: (1) information processing analysis, (2) path analysis, and (3) hierarchical analysis. (Author/JEG)

Describes Fontana (California) Unified School District's No Child Left Behind Act implementation plan, focusing on the use of project charts. Illustrates the project chart function with examples from Title I and Title X. (PKP)

Treats visuals as sites of power inscription. Advances a Foucauldian design model based on the Panoptican--Jeremy Bentham's architectural figure for empowerment based on bimodal surveillance. Notes that numerous examples serve in demonstrating that maximum effectiveness results when visuals foster simultaneous viewing in the two panoptic modes,…

This reflection paper attempts to show how we foreign language (FL) teachers can help our students develop their visual literacy concerning the use of grammar charts to help them to make better sense of the grammar information presented in their textbooks. In the first part, this reflection overviews the concept of visual literacy (VL), its…

Teaching children to identify emotions is a common practice within the field of autism intervention. However, skills that are not often taught include identification of emotions within a situational context, and identification and discrimination of environmental events that occasion the emotions (with corresponding explanations). This article…

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) was tasked with identifying the key science concepts for science literacy in K-12 students in America (AAAS, 1990, 1993). The AAAS Atlas of Science Literacy (2001) has organized roughly half of these science concepts or benchmarks into fifty flow charts. Each flow chart or strand map…

Making connections is always an important task for teachers. Science teachers are encouraged to connect new learning with students' prior knowledge, learning with student interests, learning with cultural experiences, and classroom activities across academic disciplines. Strategies that facilitate these connections help teachers enrich and enhance…

This paper reports on applications of quality tools, developed for industrial settings, to educational management and instruction at three technical education centers. The necessary data were collected by the centers as they prepared for registration to the International Standards Organization Quality Assurance Standards. Application was made of…

Article compared the level of education attained by men and women in the United States using a survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census in March 1974. (Author/RK)

This article presents a method that accounts for individual variation in use of an innovation. (JS)

The present study utilized complex visual stimuli to investigate possible mechanisms for temporal coding because such stimuli seemed to provide a close analogue of events in daily life. (Author)

The aim of good data graphics is to display data accurately and clearly. This definition is used as a point of departure for developing 12 rules of bad data display: (1) show as little data as possible (minimize the data density); (2) hide what data you do show (minimize the data-ink ratio); (3) ignore the visual metaphor altogether; (4) only…