Although breathing is a universal activity among physicists (and others), few have bothered to estimate the number of molecules inhaled in a single average breath. Some simple calculations and comparisons related to this phenomenon are provided to improve students' appreciation of the awesome numbers related to Avogadro's number. (JN)

An example is given of an application of calculus to biology in which a straightforward mechanical approach leads to a difficult situation, but the theory of beginning calculus leads quickly to a solution. (Author/DT)

This textbook seeks to (1) present to the young mind, unacquainted with the methods of exact reasoning, the elementary principles of arithmetic in their simplest form and combination; and (2) explain and illustrate the various applications of arithmetic in the transactions of business, and thus make known its great practical utility.

Investigates philosophically the role of mathematics in the education of a citizen. Proposes the relevance of these issues for practical curriculum decisions. (Author/WM)

A common cause of failure in accounting is student inability to mentally perform basic arithmetic computations. The first step toward solving the problem of arithmetic deficiencies would be to make a calculator available to all students, especially since they will be working in a numerical, machine-dominated world. (SC)

Information found necessary for South Africa's citizens to learn during their recent conversion to the metric system is presented. Twelve terms and prefixes are suggested that satisfy practically all ordinary needs. Tables are given for the most commonly used measures, with relationships between different units indicated. (LS)

Although a great deal of attention has been devoted over a period of years to the estimation of reliability from item statistics, there are still gaps in the mathematical derivation of the Kuder-Richardson results. The main purpose of this paper is to fill some of these gaps, using language consistent with modern probability theory. (Author)

Views as important the relating of abstract ideas of modern mathematics now being taught in the schools to situations encountered in the sciences. Describes use of matrices and Markov chains to study first-order processes. (Author/DF)

Study discusses the four possible ways to test null hypotheses: multivariate tests, usual univariate F test, Box's univariate approximate F test, Geisser and Greenhouse univariate conservative F test. (Author/CB)