Discourse analysis attempts to identify and describe the semantic relationships among units of thought larger than a word (predications). Two basic types of these relationships exist between predications, conceptual and nonconceptual. A conceptual relationship exists between two predications when they share a concept or when a concept in one…

While studies of college-level readers have yielded evidence both for and against the use of phonological or speech recoding in the recognition of written words, no consistent picture of when recoding occurs has yet emerged. However, one model, the adjunct access model, can account for the previous research findings. According to this model,…

Ten college students deemed to have above average writing ability and ten basic skills students participated in a study that examined the role of reading in the writing process. The students wrote one personal essay in a timed and videotaped session. During half of this session, the students wrote and planned as they normally would in an impromptu…

No formal notion of markedness has been advanced for syntactic-semantic features of language. A hypothesis is presented which states that if all related features are defined as comprising sets, then it is possible to predict the occurrence of a member of a set by the absence of any other member of the set. Any lexical item subcategorized for…

Adults use linguistic context to assist in understanding words that may have multiple meanings. However, elementary school children are not able consistently to use this method of clarifying ambiguity. Research has shown that a three-component training method can help upper elementary school students develop the use of linguistic context. To…

A study examined the effects of within domain processing on the recall of idea units as well as the potential reversals in performance resulting from the passing of time. Subjects for the experiment were 89 undergraduate students randomly assigned to six conditions related to target words in a reading passage: counting e's, determining the…

THIS TEST--"ONE DAY, ONE TIME, ONE PLACE (EMPHASIS) AND IT'S ALL IN KNOWING HOW (PROCESS)"--WAS DESIGNED BY THE OREGON CURRICULUM STUDY CENTER FOR A NINTH-GRADE RHETORIC CURRICULUM. IT IS INTENDED TO ACCOMPANY CURRICULUM UNITS AVAILABLE AS ED 010 803 AND ED 010 804. (MM)

TWENTY-EIGHT SS (SUBJECTS) WERE PRESENTED WITH COMPUTER-GENERATED AGRAMMATICAL STATEMENTS, AND ASKED TO CARRY OUT TWO TASKS ON EACH OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL DAYS. TASK 1 WAS A FORCED-CHOICE EXPERIMENT IN WHICH 50 PAIRS OF STATEMENTS WERE PRESENTED AURALLY TO EACH S, WHO HAD TO SELECT THAT MEMBER OF THE PAIR WHICH HE FELT WAS THE BEST APPROXIMATION TO A…

IF YOUNGSTERS ARE TO BE HELPED AND TO BE OFFERED EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY, THE TAGS, MISUNDERSTANDINGS AND MYTHS WHICH HAVE BLOCKED PAST PATHS TO PROGRESS MUST BE DISCARDED AND AVOIDED. THE TERM, "CULTURAL DEPRIVATION" CARRIES WITH IT A CONTRADICTION IN MEANINGS. IT SUGGESTS, VERY INCORRECTLY, THAT A CULTURE CAN OF ITSELF BE…

GENERAL SEMANTICS CAN BE TAUGHT TO YOUNG CHILDREN BY EMPLOYING EXPERIMENTATION, ROLE PLAYING, AND ACTIVE DISCUSSION OF PERSONAL REACTIONS. THE CHILDREN ARE SHOWN HOW VERBAL EXPRESSIONS CAN BE USED TO REFLECT ACCURACY OR DISTORTION IN WHAT IS DESIRED TO BE EXPRESSED. CERTAIN FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES EMPHASIZED ARE--(1) THE WORLD CONSISTS OF PROCESSES…

SEVERAL EXPLORATIONS WERE MADE INTO THE STRUCTURE OF MEANING IN BURMESE AND RUSSIAN. VARIOUS KINDS OF LINGUISTIC INFORMATION WERE ISOLATED BY TEXTUAL STUDY AND INTERVIEWS WITH NATIVE SPEAKERS. DISCUSSION COVERED SUCH THEORETICAL QUESTIONS AS (1) SYNCHRONY AND DIACHRONY, (2) SEMANTICS AND GRAMMAR, (3) SEMANTICS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE, (4) SEMANTICS…

A study extended word association methodology beyond isolated word stimuli to investigate the effects of written context on the meanings that proficient readers impart to words. A repeated-measures design was used to assess the responses of 62 sixth grade readers to target words at three levels: no context, limited context, and expanded context.…

In Black English (BE), in addition to the motion verb "come," there exists a modal-like "come" which expresses speaker indignation. This "come" is comparable to other modal-like forms, identical to motion verbs, which occur in Black and non-Black varieties of English, and which signal various degrees of disapproval.…

While it is fashionable to use the semantic pun in advertising (for example, the meaning extension in "dollars and sense"), a lot of this humor slips past the American reader; not only unintentional bloopers that get past the proofreader but also intentional puns that escape the audience. Advertising humor has other pitfalls as well--the…

A major concern in recent research is whether perceptual or functional information is of primary importance in children's early word meanings. In the study described here, artificial objects were used so that form and function could be independently manipulated. There were 57 subjects, ranging in age from 2.5 years to adulthood. The subjects were…