This study examined the extent of children's awareness of the semantic subtleties of the word "promise" and their comprehension of sentences following an atypical syntactic pattern using "promise" as the main verb. Subjects included children within three months of being six-and-one-half, eight-and-one-half, nine-and-one-half, and ten-and-one-half…

A series of studies on young children's use of the terms "same" and "different" are reported. The work began from the observation that young children could respond correctly to instructions involving "same" but were often incorrect in response to "different". This finding was replicated under a variety of experimental conditions and found to be…

Language development in preschool children was studied using pairs of pictures with three types of verbal elaboration formed for each pair. After a training trial thirty children listened to one of three types of elaboration (simple sentence, compound or complex sentence, and paragraph). They were asked to name the corresponding response item.…

The measurement of interlingual distance (how far removed one language is from another) is both possible and feasible; and it can be computed in different ways. The difference between the codes of the two languages can be measured by one technique and the differences in samples of discourse by another. The samples may be measured as static…

The purpose of this research was to investigate developmental changes in encoding processes. It attempted to determine the extent to which children of varying ages utilize semantic (denotative or connotative) and acoustical encoding categories in a short-term memory task. It appears to be a reasonable assumption that as associational hierarchies…

To assess the meanings ascribed to nine concepts thought to be foremost in the planning and implementation of the Georgia Governor's Honors Program, Osgood's semantic differential technique was employed. This appendix provides a copy of the Staff Semantic Differential. (For related documents, see TM 002 391-393, 395-399.) (DB)

The impact of the program on student judgments of significant Governor's Honors Program concepts was measured by a semantic differential administered approximately a week into the program and then again less than a week before its conclusion. The Student Semantic Differential form is provided in this appendix. (For related documents, see TM 002…

Norms of free association to common ambiguous English words are reported. Responses were categorized on the basis of sense relevance. On this basis, the sense dominance of the words was quantified, and the degree of ambiguity associated with each word estimated by the information measure U. This publication will be of interest primarily to…

Discussion in this paper is given to some studies and texts devoted to the study of general semantics, which is defined as the study of language operations in real human contexts with emphasis on the human consequences of these operations. Mentioned are (1) books by S. I. Hayakawa, Wendell Johnson, Irving J. Lee, and Stuart Chase; (2) lesson plans…

This manual accompanies volume 5 (EM 009 816) of "The Language of Man" textbook series, intended for high school students. It includes background information and teacher suggestions for each selection in the textbook. (JK)

The teacher's manual for book 6 of the Language of Man series presents suggestions for classroom discussion, essay topics, and student projects. The Language of Man is a series of texts, designed for junior through senior high school students, which cover semantics, critical thinking, language skills, and mass media study. (JY)

This paper discusses women who enter male-dominated professions, so-called "Role Innovators", and some of the personality and background characteristics of these women. Findings include that (1) Role-Innovators' mothers were more likely to be working and to have Role-Innovative professions themselves; although the daughters' aspirations…

This study attempted to clarify the concept "program" by systematically examining the use of the term "program." The term was examined as it is used in ordinary language and in adult education literature. After analysis of the term within these two contexts, a typology was developed from the uses identified. The typology was then utilized as an…

This report describes an optimization phase of the SYSTRAN (System Translation) machine translation technique. The most distinctive characteristic of SYSTRAN is the absence of pre-editing; the program reads tapes containing raw and unedited Russian texts, carries out dictionary and table lookups, performs all syntactic analysis procedures, and…

Native English speakers performed a phoneme-monitoring task to assess whether ambiguous words (homographs) require extra processing capacity under two conditions: no prior context and prior context provided by disambiguating subject-noun and verb combinations. Phoneme detection latencies were reliably longer for homographs than for control words…