The principal recent models of semantics, conceptual, and lexical memory are explicated and criticized. A description of long-term is developed in terms of these models. (Text is in French.) (DB)

Working from theories of text grammar and logic, the authors suggest and tentatively confirm several hypotheses concerning the role of micro- and macro-structures in comprehension and recall of texts. (Text is in French.) (DB)

This experiment attempts to maximize orthographic while reducing semantic bases for processing by using lists of words from a single category (girl's first names), presenting the first letter as a cue for each word during both study and recall trials, and blocking together all words with the same first letter. (Author)

Authors studied the human being as an active language processor in different task environments. They examined the empirical trends in two different performance situations where the subject processed and used linguistic information. Theories about subject's processing abilities in those situations were entertained. (Author/RK)

Explores the semantic distinctions and tonal behaviors of four types of "lai" in Taiwanese. It is concluded that some types cannot be fully understood without reference to the underlying structure, the surface structure being often insufficient for determining the tonal shape of the syllable in utterance. (CLK)

This study examined the reactions of eight- and nine-year-old children to "standard" and "non-standard" Black American English and investigated the extent to which such children could verbally conceptualize their attitudes using a simplified version of the Osgood semantic differential scale. Results are discussed. (SE)

The linguistic performances of 15 noninstitutionalized and 15 institutionalized retarded children (mean age 13 years) were compared on usage of grammatical categories and structure of spoken language using the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. (Author/PHR)

Examines the color systems of various Miwok languages and attempts a reconstruction of the Proto-Miwok color system. (AM)

Reports on two experiments which question the assumption that semantic processing is superior to nonsemantic processing, and which demonstrate that effective semantic elaboration cannot be equated with the quantity of semantically congrous information. (Author/AM)

Demonstrates the operation of the universal principles of lexical simplification, through an examination of its use in translation; second language learning and teaching, and simplified reading texts. (Author/AM)

Declining enrollments in aerospace teacher workshops suggest the need for evaluation and cost effectiveness measurements. A major purpose of this article is to illustrate some typical evaluation methodologies, including the semantic differential. (MA)

Slides of unfamiliar individuals were rated on six semantic differential scales by 30 high-dogmatic and 30 low-dogmatic Ss (ages 18-22 years) in order to examine the impact of labels (on persons). (Author/PHR)

Proposes an approach to contrastive linguistics which takes into account syntax and semantics, and discusses the role of such an approach in explaining surface structure differences between English and Chinese sentences of the type: "He is a good pianist" and "I have a bad knee." (AM)

The spontaneous speech of 12 Black children (18-36 months) was evaluated to identify the existence of distinctive Black English features. (Author/CL)

Describes the different stages through which children learn to speak, how they break the language down into its simplest parts, and then develop the rules they need to put the parts together. (GA)