Discusses four examples of beliefs held by secondary school mathematics students. Suggests implications for classroom teaching. Eight references are listed. (YP)

Investigates the development of understanding of multiplication from the early school years through to the top primary age group. Identifies the children's difficulties and analyzes their solution strategies. Reports that progressive abstraction is related to the children's developing understanding of number and to their procedures for addition.…

Problem solving by example is an intermediate step toward mastering problem-solving heuristics. Discussed are problem-solving processes by using two problem examples. Emphasized are heuristics cataloging in a problem-solving log, and approaches to solutions, not the solutions themselves. (YP)

Discusses the use or misuse of statistics or probability in society. Presented are examples from opinion polling, sports, the 1970 draft lottery, and the law. Lists 18 references. (YP)

Presents an activity for upper elementary students called "Soil Structure and Ground Water." Provides procedures, materials, key concepts, background, and extensions. (YP)

Identifies four causes of confusion in reading mathematics related to numbers, symbols and sentences, vocabulary, and directionality. Discusses techniques for overcoming each type of the confusion. (YP)

Discusses how to help children acquire mathematical concepts and teach for precise mathematical concepts. Describes four activities to reinforce the concepts introduced. (YP)

Discusses how various children's books can be used to introduce and explain geometric topics through a problem-solving approach. Selected are five books with words and five books without words. (YP)

Discusses activities using base-10-block skits to teach number system concepts in first grade classrooms. Describes the students' responses to the activities. (YP)

Illustrates an activity used in the classroom to reteach previously learned concepts, to review a unit, to introduce a vocabulary, to practice estimation, or to improve number sense. Provides three sets of game cards and explains how to use them. (YP)

Classifies children's solution strategies by degree of abstraction and by use of physical objects. Children in grades one, two, and three were given two multiplication and four division word problems that differed in semantic structure. (Author/YP)

Uses the process of normalization in the Cartesian coordinate system which entails radial projection onto a transect to compare different compositions of minerals. Warns that the ternary diagram should not be used as a framework for calculations. (MVL)

Illustrates some learning encounters for facilitating first graders' understanding of geometry. Describes some of children's approaches using Cuisenaire rods and teacher's intervening. Presents six problems involving various combinations of Cuisenaire rods and cubes. (YP)

Describes a model for teaching early algebraic concepts using manipulative materials for elementary school students. Presents a rationale for the model. Provides activities for solving algebraic equations using envelopes and counters. (YP)

Summarizes some student misconceptions concerning the concept of equality. Provides several ways to modify present instruction. Describes a way to model the relational view of equals using balances. (YP)