The production of high quality Arabic-English text poses technical problems that are caused mainly by the high degree of syntactical flexibility which characterizes the Arabic language. This article describes a system which offers some solutions to the problems encountered in processing bilingual Arabic-English text. (Author/EM)

Latent trait test models for responses to dichotomously scored items are considered from the point of view of parameter estimation using a Bayesian statistical approach and the EM estimation algorithm. An example using the Rasch model is presented. (Author/JKS)

The mathematics associated with division is discussed, working from a theorem for the real division algorithm. Real-world, geometric, and algebraic approaches are discussed, as are related topics. (MNS)

Presented an empathy algorithm, a procedure for deciding whether to use an interchangeable or an additive empathy response and instructions for the construction of each response, to a randomly chosen group of novice counselors (N=23). The experimental group performed significantly better in counseling a role-played client than did controls.…

An algorithm for estimation of means and standard deviations or raw scores underlying table values of standard test scores is presented. An application of a computer program, operationalizing the suggested algorithm, is discussed within the framework of a comparison of estimated and known table values for sample Minnesota Multiphasic Personality…

Previous findings from the study within which this research is located had uncovered students' approaches to learning in the context of a second year chemical engineering course. Using an analysis of students' reflections on their experience, the study has shown the existence of three approaches to learning in this context: an 'information-based'…

One set of approaches to the problem of clustering with dichotomous data in cluster analysis (CA) was studied. The techniques developed for clustering with binary data involve calculating distances between observations based on the variables and then applying one of the standard CA algorithms to these distances. One of the groups of distances that…

A mathematical programming approach is presented for computer adaptive testing (CAT) with many constraints on the item and test attributes. Because mathematical programming problems have to be solved while the examinee waits for the next item, a fast implementation of the Branch-and-Bound algorithm is needed for this approach. Eight modifications…

An English summary is provided for the article which gives the opportunity to solve original problems in linguistics, mathematics and computing science as well as to design descriptive and typological methods in archaeology. (6 references) (Author/SJ)

A brief history of the development of our present day Gregorian calendar is given. Methods are then given, based on congruences, to determine such things as the week-day for any given date and the date for Easter in any year. (LS)