This study investigates the effect of saliency on the relationships between self-esteem and performance, competency and reactions to feedback. Subjects (N=146) preselected for social or academic orientation engaged in either a social or academic task and were given randomized success or failure feedback concerning their performance. Subjects rated…

A system for describing the specific elements that constitute any psychological intervention is presented. The system includes 39 operations or controlling responses which may be administered by the psychologist, the client, or both together. Varying the administration of the operations can provide over 100 source/operation elements in the coding…

One of four projects conducted by the American Statistical Association (ASA) in cooperation with the Bureau of the Census, the conference explored the most important and fruitful research and development topics within the user-oriented software domain. Its objectives were to (1) develop recommendations on mechanisms to improve access to and use of…

THE CREATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM OF MACHINE TRANSLATION WITH AUTOMATIC INDEXING OF THE TRANSLATED MATERIALS PRESUMES THE DEVELOPMENT OF DICTIONARIES WHICH PROVIDE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF KEY WORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS, FOLLOWED BY THEIR TRANSLATION INTO THE DESCRIPTORS OF THE SEARCH LANGUAGE. THREE SIGNS WHICH SHOW THAT A GIVEN WORD IS A…

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS INVOLVES THREE DISTINCT PROCESSES-- (1) DEFINING A STRUCTURE OF CATEGORIES, (2) DETERMINING A BASIS FOR A CLASSIFICATION DECISION, AND (3) CLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS INTO CATEGORIES. OF THE THREE COMPUTER TECHNIQUES ARE DISCUSSED FOR THE LAST TWO. A WORD SELECTION MEASURE IS USED TO DELETE THOSE TERMS IN THE DOCUMENT THAT…

KINDS OF ERRORS, AND THEIR VALUE TO HELP TEACHERS KNOW AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE ABOUT HOW THEIR STUDENTS' MINDS WORK, ARE DISCUSSED. THE TERM "ERROR" IS USED TO REFER TO MISTAKES IN THE PROCESS OF REASONING RATHER THAN TO INCORRECT OUTCOMES OF REASONING. THE AUTHORS STATE, "CORRECT OUTCOMES MAY OR MAY NOT FOLLOW UPON ERRORS (OR MISTAKEN…

This research is part of a series of studies, in which the long term objective is to use computer-assisted instruction (CAI) to teach students how to solve nonroutine problems, i.e., problems in which the problem solvers must generate their own strategies. The subjects were 93 first and third graders who tried to solve a novel reasoning problem on…

This guide provides users of the Client Assessment Package (CAP)--a system of forms for recording the process of seeking and using information and assistance for educational improvement--with definitions, operational procedures, and instructions necessary to complete the forms accurately. The purposes of CAP are threefold: to help develop an…

The effects of meaningfulness of the stimulus materials and the presence or absence of contextual cues on problem-solving behavior were investigated. Third-graders (N=80) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions and their performance in a series of discrimination problems was observed. Subjects in Conditions I and II responded to stimuli…

TWO INTERRELATED PROBLEM AREAS OF ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMING ARE DISCUSSED--(1) "NEEDS DEFINITION," AND (2) "NEEDS DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION". FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND WORK OF THE CENTER FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH ARE PRESENTED. ISSUES ARE THE FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE HOW, WHEN, AND IN WHAT FORM THE NEED WILL BE USED. CRITERIA FORMULATION MUST BE…

An information processing model was used to examine the organization of stimulus information during the input process among educable mentally retarded (EMR) and normal boys. Three groups of subjects (Ss) were matched on socio-economic status and race--a group of EMR boys, a group of normal boys matched with the EMR Ss on chronological age (CA…

An interactive search and editing system, 3RIP, is being developed at the library of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm for large files of textual and numeric data. A substantial part (on the order of 10-E9 characters) of the primary file of the search system will consist of bibliographic references from a wide range of sources. If the…

To aid institutions in identifying and using information about educational outcomes, the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) developed an "outcome structure," a new system for organizing outcomes and outcomes information for purposes of classification, analysis and decisionmaking. Preliminary tryout and…

The present study investigated the effects of repetitions and questions (without feedback) at varying lags during self-paced learning from text. High school students read a series of unrelated paragraphs, each of which was repeated or tested after a variable lag. In a mixed condition, texts and repetitions of particular sentences were combined…

Many international standards have been developed to aid information transfer and feedback, but they must be updated and promoted. International Organization for Standards (ISO) technical committees dealing with terminology, documentation, and information processing have several programs designed to meet this need. Catalogs, indexes, and…