Investigated was the development of word associations of physics students from age 12 to university graduates. Results indicated response availability increased with age, irrespective of science/nonscience distinction, but that associative indices could be useful as tools in studying early stages of learning. (SL)

It was hypothesized that slight modifications in word association test (WAT) instructions would have no discernible effect on the responses of college students, but would produce significantly different response hierarchies generated by young children. (Author/MS)

Four experiments using varying methodological factors examined the frequency theory of verbal discrimination learning. (MB)

Extensive, yet selective, changes in word associate choices were obtained with the procedures presently studied; suggesting that simple nonverbal," response formats may facilitate investigation of cognitive and social behavior in young children. (Authors)

Karl Bruhn, professor of education at Helsinki University for almost 20 years, in addition to writing a history of education, concentrated particularly on carrying out further investigations with his Helsinki Test which was publicly released in 1953. The use of this test is presented in this posthumous article by Bruhn. The Helsinki Test is a…

This study examined the assumption that language expression and reading performance are related processes. Subjects included a total of 676 nine-year-old children of heterogeneous socioeconomic status, intelligence, and achievement levels. Verbal fluency was defined as being a measure of associative verbal encoding (a/v/e), wherein children give…

Three experiments carried out second-order Pavlovian conditioning using either similar or dissimilar first-and second-order stimuli. All three experiments were designed to identify the effects of similarity upon conditioning as distinct from its effects upon sensitization or stimulus generalization. (Editor/RK)

Presents a study which monitored the association of color with music in 1256 subjects aged 3 to 78 years. The data show consistent color associations across generations and music samples. Concludes that color associations with music are not the result of experiential conditioning, but may be the result of a kind of sensory processing of music.…

Examines the reading and writing concepts of two groups of low literate adults (prisoners and adults in mainstream society). Finds that both groups possess a restricted view of literacy, viewing reading as a decoding task and writing as a handwriting and spelling activity. (MM)

This article reviews selected issues and techniques in interviewing, direct observation, rating scales, sociometry, and associative techniques as used in the context of preschool assessment. Special problems encountered in assessing the social and emotional functioning of preschool children are discussed. (Author/LMO)

Conjunctive (CJ), inclusive disjunctive (ID), and conditional (CD) concept conditions were compared with a paired-associate learning (PAL) condition using equivalent information tasks. (Author)

Time-window sequential analyses test whether a target behavior occurs within a temporal window (e.g., within 2 seconds) after an antecedent behavior more than is expected by chance. This type of question is common when we need to know how one person or event may immediately affect another event or person in the natural environment. Theoretically,…

Contrary to previous work in which task-related judgments are hypothesized to predict participation in small groups, the current study assumes that participation is both an outcome of and an influence on judgments of task-related ability. In this study, the association between task-relevant judgments and participation was examined at two points in…

According to construal level theory (N. Liberman, Y. Trope, & E. Stephan, in press; Y. Trope & N. Liberman, 2003), people use a more abstract, high construal level when judging, perceiving, and predicting more psychologically distal targets, and they judge more abstract targets as being more psychologically distal. The present research…