Traditionally, instructional developers have confronted the following dilemmas: (1) motivation through coercion versus motivation through reward; (2) systems approaches versus intuition; and (3) incremental change versus fundamental change. A more pragmatic approach to institutional change should attempt to: (1) be user centered; (2) provide…

A technical data file concerned with the technology of Instructional System Development suitable for a variety of users was developed. The file was prepared in a way amenable to later computerized storage and retrieval. General information sources and indexes of highly probable relevance were reviewed with key words and relevant specialty journals…

Utilization of the principles of instructional systems development and of educational technology can eliminate the inadequacies of instructional program development by the (usually untrained) teacher responsible. The four military services have created an interservice committee on Instructional Systems Development, which has created an…

This report presents a description of a process for instructional system design, identification of the steps in the design process, and determination of their sequence and interrelationships. As currently envisioned, several interrelated steps must be taken, five of which provide the inputs to the final design process. There are analysis of…

Research for Better Schools, Inc. (RBS) has three major components in its individualized learning program--Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI), Automated Learning Management System (ALMS), and computer assisted instruction (CAI). IPI is an instructional system based on a specific set of educational objectives and has correlated to these…

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Academy has been using a systems approach as part of its training program since 1969. This booklet describes the general characteristics of an instructional system and explains the steps the FAA goes through in implementing the approach. These steps are: 1) recognize a need for training, 2) specify the…

Discussed are instructional content and approaches in early childhood education. A literature review presents a definition of instructional content and covers a diversity of opinions and approaches to the education of children in preschool and kindergarten. Presented in a general comments section is the author's definition of instructional…

Guides school administrators through a process to institute a workable criterion-referenced instructional system. (Author/MLF)

Outlines how a Colorado high school individualized a "packaged" instructional supervision system and increased student achievement and teacher autonomy while developing positive relationships among teachers, students, and administrators. (MD)

Educational research that asks how to achieve norms, obedience, and correct answers may be based on assumptions no longer valid in the emerging postindustrial society. One place to look for answers to questions appropriate to our new socioeconomic situation may be among educational programs (listed) whose effectiveness can be demonstrated. MCK)

The design of instruction delivery systems is described as an engineering discipline. Structured learning for individualization of instruction is defined. Instruction delivery applications are identified in formal training and job performance areas. Utility of the concept of structured learning is discussed. (Author)

Describes one system of computer managed instruction and how it facilitates the management and information processing needs for one widely implemented system of individualized instruction, Individually Guided Education (IGE). (JY)

This text, now in its fourth edition, provides an understanding of the diversity and use of models used to portray the instructional development (ID) process, while reflecting the many changes in the field that have occurred since publication of the last edition in 1997. Beginning with the belief that an ID model should be selected based on the…

This research assumes that systematic and systemic change are two components in instructional design (ID)--not dichotomous terms, but two sides of an interconnected dual structured system. Specifically, this paper examines the difference between systemic thinking and systematic thinking, the ideal mental model (dual structured systems) for ID, and…

Paper presents a two-fold operational partition of the structures involved in characterizing instructional knowledge. (Author)