Changing attitudes of man toward many animal species are viewed as one aspect in stabilizing ecosystems. This research study attempts to indicate a hierarchy among attitudes toward animals, particularly for the purpose of developing positive attitudes toward rare and endangered species. (BL)

In the research study described, 80 subjects in one control and four treatment groups viewed sets of slides on types of sailboats. Results indicate that making apparent the hierarchical relationships among concepts of a conceptual hierarchy enhances learner performance in classifying unencountered instances of those concepts. Thirty-eight…

Describes an experiment where subjects were exposed to a sample of sentences from an artificial linguistic system and tested on their knowledge of the linear and hierarchical structures of the language. Suggests that learners succeed in inducing coherent grammatical systems only when input provides enough correlated cues to constituent…

Explores the idea that anxiety is an endemic factor in organizational membership in the hope of providing hypotheses that could be tested by empirical investigation. (Author/WD)

The facility index of a test item is the percentage of testees choosing the correct response. A common curriculum model presents process and content as two dimensions of the difficulty of an educational task. Wheeler suggested a third dimension: precision. This three-dimensional model is applied to chemistry education. (BW)

Children aged 6 to l7 were taught novel class inclusion hierarchies, analogous to the relation among oaks, pines, and trees. The results indicated that the part-whole structure of collections is simpler to establish and maintain than the structure of inclusion. (Author/RL)

Demonstrates that a comprehensive account of inverted structures in English encompasses more diversity of structural types than is generally recognized and is possible in a constraint-based grammar with monotonic multiple-inheritance and no overridable default specifications. The article points out that the existence of such an account shows the…

Describes the Case Hierarchy, a model of the case system of unconstrained natural language, and ways in which the case system is specialized in a restricted domain. Results of a feasibility study which examined the utility of the Case Hierarchy and the Case Hierarchy Tool (an intelligent editor supporting the domain analysis process) are…

Suggests current natural sciences model insufficient for rural sociology. Suggests reconceptualizing basic and applied social science to define non-natural phenomena with hierarchical characteristics including elements of agency or choice, social production and reproduction, learning, and creativity. Suggests using heuristic models and…

Describes the seven steps involved in delegation: task identification, analysis of skill requirements; delegate selection, communication of performance criteria, assignment of task and necessary resources, monitoring procedures, and feedback to delegate. Outlines the benefits of delegation to the organization, the manager, and subordinates.…

This special report of the reorganization of work looks at approaches to organizational renewal that are challenging the notion of the hierarchy as the only form that works. Looks at models for organizing work presented by Gary Rummler, D. Quinn Mills, and Marvin Weisbord and a blueprint for creating common futures with large groups of people.…

Describes a workshop and exploratory study done by counselors for a clergy group that requested assistance in working with families. Counselors focused on four family dynamic concepts: communication, distance, hierarchy, and adaptability to change. Data show that changes occurred in distance and adaptability to change concept perceptions among…

Examines stories told by the members of a Roman Catholic parish staff to each other in informal settings, investigating ways they reinforced or challenged the organization's power structure and reflected changes in cultural traditions. Shows that much story content reinforced the church's hierarchy, and occasionally reflected changes in the larger…

Attempts to establish a distinction among echelons comprising Israel's centralized educational system by exploring their role perceptions of stress, tension, ambiguity, risk, and exposure to criticism. Findings indicate that echelons are characterized by their perceptions of risk and exposure to criticism, but not by their perceptions of role…

Investigated Elliott Jaques's theories of organizational depth structure and timespan of discretion in two Ontario school systems. Both superintendents and principals were working at two-year timespans; system directors worked at a maximum three-year timespan. Findings imply that principals' responsibilities resemble those of assistant…