PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION IS SEEN AS A COMPLETE SYSTEM OF TEACHING ORGANIZED AND DESIGNED TO MEET THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF EFFICIENT INDIVIDUAL LEARNING. ITS METHODS PROVIDE THE MEANS FOR RESOLVING THE BROAD SCOPE OF INSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS WHICH INCLUDE THE NEED FOR BOTH INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP INSTRUCTION. THE SYSTEMS APPROACH CONCEPT, ORIGINALLY…

TECHNIQUES IN EDUCATION MUST BE DEVELOPED WHICH ARE IN KEEPING WITH TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE. A DOCTRINE OF "CONCURRENCY" IS NECESSARY SO THAT EDUCATION WILL COINCIDE WITH NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SOCIETY. A SYSTEM APPROACH IN EDUCATION CAN DO THIS BY PROVIDING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING, ORDERLY CONSIDERATION OF FUNCTIONS AND…

THIS BOOK INCLUDES 5 PARTS. THE FIRST, BACKGROUND, PROVIDES A THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL BASE FOR THE MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS DESCRIBED LATER. IT DEFINES MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS, DESCRIBES COMPUTERS, AND DISCUSSES THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND LEARNING PROCESSES. PART 2, INSTRUCTION, DESCRIBES ADVANCED SYSTEMS IN EDUCATION WHICH ARE…

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES THE RULEG PROGRAM SYSTEM, WHICH IS BASED ON THE PREMISE THAT THE VERBAL STATEMENTS OF A PROGRAM CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO "RU'S" (RULES) AND "EG'S" (EXAMPLES). ALL RU'S ARE STATEMENTS OF SOME GENERALITY, FROM WHICH SUBSTITUTION INSTANCES, OR EG'S, CAN BE OBTAINED. 12 STEPS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RULEG PROGRAMS ARE…

Continuing education can be looked at as a living system and, as such, assessment is viewed as an integral part of the control function. The use of control functions models of assessment provides a living systems point of view and allows for such new and different questions to be posed as: (1) What are the significant levels of perception and…

IN EDUCATION, ONE OF THE MOST ENCOURAGING DEVELOPMENTS IS AN INCREASED AWARENESS IN THE CRITICAL NATURE OF GOOD COMMUNICATION. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IN DEVELOPING LEARNING TECHNIQUES WITH AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA. A SYSTEM MAY BE DEFINED AS THE STRUCTURE OR ORGANIZATION OF AN ORDERLY WHOLE, CLEARLY SHOWING THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF…

The report discusses the potential of satellites for education and applies the principles of system engineering to studies of system implementation and cost effectiveness. The proposed system makes use of television and of a space vehicle, and excels in the modesty of its transmitter and receiver requirements on the ground and on the spacecraft.…

This paper is an introduction to the basic cost-related tools available to management for planning, evaluating, and organizing resources for the purpose of achieving objectives within a teacher education preparation program. Three tools are presented in separate sections. Part I on the cost accounting tool for identifying, categorizing, and…

This paper describes the SIGGS Theory Model as it applies to educational systems. This model, designed to simulate a wide variety of systems, uses sets (S), information (I), graph theory (G), and general systems (GS). The educational system is viewed as a set; in one example this set consists of teacher, student, curriculum, and setting. This…

In view of the apparent complexity and dynamism of the learner, only a systems approach to learning processes can provide a viable and practical frame of reference within which to conduct educational research. There are fundamental weaknesses in the current cybernetic model of learning, and therefore, it is useful to consider the learner as an…

Lengthy abstracts of a small number of selected books and articles which deal with the impact of technological change on the American City are presented in this review. An introductory statement provides a historical background and an overview of the topic. Brief summaries are then presented of the current state of the art in the fields of…