This article uses the interventionist theory of causation, a counterfactual theory taken from philosophy of science, to strengthen causal analysis in process tracing research. Causal claims from process tracing are re-expressed in terms of so-called hypothetical interventions, and concrete evidential tests are proposed which are shown to…

Automated scoring is a current hot topic in creativity research. However, most research has focused on the English language and popular verbal creative thinking tasks, such as the alternate uses task. Therefore, in this study, we present a large language model approach for automated scoring of a scientific creative thinking task that assesses…

In e-learning environments, most adaptive systems do not consider the learner's emotional state when recommending activities for learning difficulties, blockages, or demotivation. In this paper, we propose a new approach of emotion-based adaptation in e-learning environments. The system will allow recommendation resources/activities to motivate…

Longitudinal item response data often exhibit two types of measurement noninvariance: the noninvariance of item parameters between subject groups and that of item parameters across multiple time points. This study proposes a comprehensive approach to the simultaneous modeling of both types of measurement noninvariance in terms of longitudinal item…

The development of new statistical models for the meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies is still an ongoing field of research, especially with respect to summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In the recently published updated version of the "Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test…

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) continues to grow in popularity with numerous articles, books, courses, and workshops available to help researchers become proficient with SEM quickly. However, few resources are available to help users gain a deep understanding of the analytic steps involved in SEM, with even fewer providing reproducible syntax…

In recent years, researchers have shifted from pathologizing Black youths, when investigating the Black-White achievement gap, to focusing on factors contributing to their resilience and success. A critical review was conducted of three widely cited asset-based theoretical frameworks that are used to examine African American students' academic…

Successful computer-based assessments for learning greatly rely on an effective learner modeling approach to analyze learner data and evaluate learner behaviors. In addition to explicit learning performance (i.e., product data), the process data logged by computer-based assessments provide a treasure trove of information about how learners solve…

Notwithstanding the neuromyth controversy, the malleability of learning style preferences impacts the validity of the measurement instrument and the effectiveness of the associated model of learning. This study investigates the test-retest reliability and underlying dynamics of Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (KLSI). It surveys 245 college-level…

A slowdown or a speedup in response times across experimental conditions can be taken as evidence of online deployment of knowledge. However, response-time difference measures are rarely evaluated on their reliability, and there is no standard practice to estimate it. In this article, we used three open data sets to explore an approach to…

Personality has been identified as a possible antecedent to emotions experienced in the foreign language (FL) classroom. However, contrasting results and differing personality models have resulted in ambiguous findings. This study set out to delve deeper into the role of personality as a predictor of FL emotions through a series of increasingly…

Inclusive research combines the expertise of academically trained researchers with the lived experience of individuals with disabilities to render results that are more accessible, accountable, and meaningful to the disability community. In this case study, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) contributed as co-researchers…

An animation-based drawing learning model involves simple animation from the beginning to the end of the drawing, with the teacher acting as a facilitator and guide. The research is based on the fact that there are still many children who have difficulty expressing themselves through their drawings due to low imagination. The goal of this study is…

This work aimed to outline the first stages for the development of a pedagogical model for teaching-learning of expressive content within physical education (creative body movement). Drawing on several suggestions from previous models' conceptualizations, we explore and present the theoretical foundations, practical considerations, and assumptions…

The demand for flexible online learning models, fueled by technological advancements and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has necessitated creative solutions to support millions of students enrolled in online programs. Higher Education leaders, faced with this growing demand and lacking expertise in online learning, have turned to outsourced…