In Nigeria, the junior secondary business studies curriculum was formed by collocation of five courses. Rather than integrated, the curriculum is coordinated, allowing interaction of complementary subjects that retain their individual identity. A systems approach would enable development of a more integrated curriculum. (SK)

Hestian home economics focuses on the private systems of love, care, and connection in households and families. Teaching approaches within a Hestian framework include attending to classroom social relations and physical structures, and using oral history, service learning, and critical reflection. (SK)

Suggests that counselors should devote more attention to work adjustment problems. Proposes systems model for counselors to use in conceptualizing the development of work adjustment and work adjustment problems and in formulating strategies of intervention to address these problems. (Author)

Reviews literature concerning need for and use of strategic planning in higher education institutions, and examines the systems approach as a means of enhancing strategic planning. Compares planning models and outlines a model designed for colleges and universities that uses concepts of the systems approach, combines elements of existing models,…

Public confidence in the schools and educators can be restored through the thoughtful, appropriate application of systems thinking. This process requires the destruction of traditional power structures to create vehicles for truly continuous improvement that empowers all stakeholders to create appropriate learning systems. Change happens when…

Discusses the lack of classification systems as a major deficiency in the field of comparative education. Examines previous typologies of education systems and of forms of intergroup relations. Offers a tentative classification of 135 national education systems based on 15 conventional indicators using factor analysis and cluster analysis.…

A macro model of training and development includes input (training and development climate), process, and output (individual/organizational change) indicators. A test of the model with 387 Kuwaiti bank employees supported these indicators. Managers' perceptions of training and development and the organization's return on investment were…

School environment embodies not only the cultural norms and expectations as lived and experienced, but also that reality's perception by the school's "significant others." Article suggests schools must become self-renewing learning organizations committed to studying and mastering five disciplines: shared envisioning, personal mastery,…

Examines administrative subsystems in relation to special education. Discusses a series of questions administrators should ask in their efforts to provide services for students with special needs. (Contains 19 references.) (SK)

Presents a way to frame individualized education plan (IEP) meetings using the concept of self-organizing systems, which can produce novel outputs from dynamic interaction among system components. Identifies components of an IEP system, their complex nature, and responsiveness to impacts and suggests ways to improve meeting outputs. (SK)

This article describes how parent-adolescent conflict can be conceptualized from a systems-based attachment model. This conceptualization shifts the focus of conflictual interactions from blaming the parents or the adolescent to viewing the conflict as an attempt to reestablish security needs of the adolescent. Case examples are provided to…

Student-athletes have unique challenges as they confront pressures to perform both athletically and academically. The authors present a systems approach that will enhance the conceptualization skills that counselors need to intervene more effectively with college student-athletes as well as address counselors' own stereotypes and biases about…

A continuous improvement approach to upgrading nurses' administration of sedatives and analgesics included (1) data collection from charts, shift reports, rounds, and bedside examinations; (2) identification of clinical issues and needs; and (3) design of interventions using on teaching moments, competency-based modules, and instruction during…

Discusses how and why older persons with developmental disabilities have emerged as special category. Discussion makes reference to social systems theory, reviews social systems theory, and presents basic systemic tenets. Uses these tenets to examine historical development of social gerontology and present trends in service delivery system.…

Total Quality Management is a system for creating organizationwide participation in planning and implementing a continuous improvement process exceeding customer expectations. It is built on the assumption that 90 percent of problems are a result of process, not employees. Implementation at Oregon State University has nine phases. (MSE)