The open-systems model of instructional development (ID) proposed for use in both educational and non-educational organizations is based on an extensive examination of ID, the systems and communication/consulting literature, and the results of a nationwide survey of 750 currently active ID professionals in both higher education and…

This paper uses a systems-based approach to identify problems associated with organizational learning in various subsystems in an organization. The functionalist model of the systems-based approach is first used to identify the relevant sub systems involved in organizational learning. This is followed by a consideration of key functional sub…

In this paper the present state of the art in authoring systems in surveyed and the other papers in this special issue are introduced. (Author)

A system for synthesizing speech from a phonetic input is described. (Author)

Management theories are discussed as they apply to library management and administration and to specific areas of library service. (Author/PF)

Draws attention to some of the key problems needing emphasis in the design and implementation of MBO systems. (Author)

Explores the relevance of some of the methodologies of systems engineering to problems in the social sciences, especially the dynamics of domestic and international conflict. Describes an initial exercise in modeling domestic conflict in terms of State equations. Implications for education. (Author/WM)

Social service agencies can improve accountability to their clients in specific ways. These techniques borrow some of the language and principles of management science and can be applied successfully only if social workers accept the challenge posed by accountability and view these concepts as compatible with professional values. (Author)

To help assess the consequences of food policies, the world's food system is being assembled into models. These models should help planners evaluate the impact of food-related policies and will try to account for the interactions of all food-related supply and demand factors. (BT)

Using a systems concept as a model, the article explores the primary determinants of behavior and provides a conceptual, yet practical, basis for understanding and improving interpersonal effectiveness. (Author)