It was hypothesized that children, like adults, cognize social groups by applying social schemata. Their facility with social schemata was predicted to be a function of their level of cognitive development. When children were asked to complete partial social structures, formal and concrete operational, but not preoperational children, readily…

Previous studies have found that an object can be categorized faster at a basic level (hammer) than at either a subordinate (club hammer) or a superordinate level (tool). While some attribute this result to basic categories having more distinctive attributes, other factors might cause this result. For example, basic categories routinely have…

This paper describes a computer-managed instruction (CMI) system used in teaching self-instructional modules in an educational media course covering communication theory, instructional design, media utilization, and production. The system is based on three underlying assumptions about the course: (1) the course consists of a set of discrete…

Using the benefits to students and teachers alike in mathematics classes as an example, the author describes a successful attempt to group students vertically (students of different ages in the same class) in a combined high school and community college. (KC)

Details a study designed to identify supervisor/superior behavior characteristics, including leadership styles which elicit the most accurate information from subordinates. (MH)

Presents ordering theory as a useful method in the identification and validation of logical hierarchies among tasks that measure student development. An example shows the application of ordering theory to the measurement of college students' decision making about careers. (Author/ABB)

This paper reviews instructional theory and research relating to three design criteria: (1) the order of presentation of instruction (sequencing); (2) the kinds of content relationships that should be taught; and (3) the way content relationships should be taught (synthesis). Also research on the relations between sequencing and synthesis is…

Specific modes of formal reasoning and measurements of principled moral reasoning ability were obtained from 99 10th-grade students. Hierarchical relationships were found amoung variables with combinatorial and correlational reasoning accounting for 22 percent of the variance in principled moral reasoning. Theoretical and educational implications…

Describes a study of teachers as curriculum developers in a broad organizational setting. Identifies three themes that shaped the teachers' participation: their low status, isolation from other teachers, and lack of rewards. Includes tables and appendix. (MD)

Explores the relationship between a general theory of living systems and the conceptualization and practice of counseling. Emphasis is placed on the individual. After providing a rationale for adopting a systems perspective, specific system dimensions are discussed. The relationship of these dimensions to current counseling theories is developed.…

Helping children to bridge the gap between physical materials and symbolic representations is the focus of this article. Examples are drawn from numerical topics, with several hierarchies illustrated. (MNS)

Employed two strategies used to test prerequisite relationships among intellectual skills to examine the sequence of three types of subtraction tasks. A psychometric validation strategy yielded results similar to instructional validation strategy. Supports the use of the more efficient psychometric approach for validating large numbers of learning…

The authors propose studying organizational equivalents as parts of the wider societal context. They focus specifically on British-German comparisons. The role of culture as a variable in comparing work organizations and manpower training is discussed. Research findings are presented. (CT)

Explores Mexican-American immigrant entrepreneurial activity in the wholesale produce industry in Los Angeles (California). This activity exhibits the primary characteristics defined for immigrant enclaves, a specific mode of incorporation into the economic sector of the U.S. Describes hierarchical elements of Mexican entrepreneurship that…

Discusses the design and use of a Hypertext tutorial for teaching choice of access points to beginning cataloging students at San Jose State University. The tutorial, used widely by students, was designed to include linear, hierarchical, and decision tree metastructures to accommodate the multidimensionality of cataloging problems. (12 references)…