Conditional directives are used by speakers to instruct hearers which actions are to be taken should certain events occur. The authors demonstrate that conditional directives are distinct from indicative conditionals in which speakers predict what is likely to be observed should certain events occur. The 1st set of experiments shows that goal…

According to Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior, the mand and the tact are functionally independent verbal operants, each of which is acquired through a unique history of reinforcement. The present study attempted to replicate the findings of Lamarre and Holland (1985), who empirically demonstrated functional independence of mands and…

Experiment 1 investigated the effects of observational training in a social listener reinforcement game on participants' conversational units in non-instructional settings. Experiment 2 tested the effects of multiple exemplar instruction on the development of "empathy." The participants who had reader/writer levels of verbal behavior were selected…

This study investigated the research construct of encoding specificity using an applied research orientation. Encoding specificity considers the effects on memory of the interactive relationship among encoding, the stored memory trace, and external retrieval cues. Subjects were 273 undergraduate students enrolled in the College of Engineering at…

Problems in the experimental laboratory in scientific research are discussed and solutions are proposed for the problem of conflicts between the experimental model and reality. As a possible beginning for change, an apparatus is suggested to replace the tachistoscope. (SCC)

Male infant vocalizations were studied as a function of age. (JMB)

The ways in which fathers and mothers communicate with and teach their 6-month-old first-born infants were compared. Twenty-two white, middle class mothers and fathers were videotaped interacting with their infants (11 male, 11 female) on 10 tasks. Trained observers coded the parents' interaction with their infants on the following variables:…

A paired-associate task relational or non-relational visual and linguistic stimuli was presented to kindergarten and fifth-grade students. Results indicated that a relationship in both modes facilitated recall better than a relationship in only one mode, and that a relationship in either mode was better for recall than none at all. (DP)

Research supported in part by the National Institute of Mental Health, grant MH-13515.

Revision of paper presented at the Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Division 25 (Washington D.C., September 1, 1967).

Study financed by Research Grant M-6167 from the National Institute of Mental Health, U.S. Public Health Service.

Thirty-two intellectually superior and 32 intellectually normal fifth and sixth graders were compared on measures of attention and comprehension of complex verbal stimuli under successive versus simultaneous modes of presentation. Ss were exposed to either successive or simultaneous presentation of printed short stories on slides. Analysis of…

THIS EXPERIMENT SOUGHT TO DETERMINE WHETHER CONSISTENT DIMENSIONS OF JUDGMENTAL BEHAVIOR CONCERNING STATEMENTS PRESENTED IN A GIVEN MEDIUM WOULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH DIFFERENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, AND WHETHER THE DIMENSIONS COULD BE RELIABLY REPRODUCED IN THE DIFFERENT MEDIA. 768 SUBJECTS RESPONDED TO 1 OF 4 CONCEPTS PRESENTED THROUGH EITHER THE…

THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ASSOCIATIVELY RELATED NOUNS EMBEDDED IN CONNECTED DISCOURSE--AT LEAST IN THE CASE OF ITEMS THAT APPEAR IN THE SAME OR IN CONTIGUOUS SENTENCES--ARE STORED MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN ASSOCIATIVELY UNRELATED NOUNS. A 2X2 FACTORIAL DESIGN WAS EMPLOYED (WITH 20 SS IN EACH GROUP) IN WHICH SS WERE ASKED TO…