The incidental memory of young children was tested for words or words plus pictures that were initially presented under orienting conditions. These conditions required responses to acoustic or semantic qualities of the stimuli and an affirmative or negative response to the orienting questions. (PCB)

Examines evidence for the automatic processing of information about presentation modality in older adults. Younger and older adults learned a list of nouns through auditory and visual presentation modes, recalled target words, and identified the presentation modality of each word. Results suggested automatic processing for modality memory and some…

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the verbal system is involved in coding pictorial reresentations when the task requires the acquisition of their relative order. (Author)

The main purpose of the present experiment was to study whether the lack of correlation between verbal recall and accuracy of visual recognition of the same, visually presented objects in adult Ss also is characteristic of the performance of young children, or whether results supporting a differentiation hypothesis would be found. (Author)

Results of this experiment suggest that pronunciation has a unique effect on discrimination learning, and that the magnitude of this effect (relative to control performance) varies as a function of the type of materials used and the age of Ss. (Authors)

Significant effects obtained in the modeling condition seemed due to the generalized increase in speech duration facilitated by the use of a model. Similarities and differences between instructions and modeling procedures are discussed. (Author)

Findings were that imagery instructions for picture pairs were generally more facilitative than imagery instructions for word pairs, with children at this age exhibiting little variability in their capacity to utilize a visual imagery strategy when pictures comprised the learning materials. (Authors)

Performance was consistently higher for pictures than for words, and this difference was unaffected by age, response mode, or presentation paradigm. (Author)

Acquisition, reversal, adaptation and inhibition of the orienting response were investigated in a mentally retarded sample and its CA and MA matched normal groups. (Authors)

Results were interpreted as support for the hypothesis that making associations to verbal units facilitates recall and that reaction time is an index of the facility with which associations can be made. (Authors)

Experiment performed to examine the function of rehearsal in the retention of individual verbal items. (Authors)

This study investigated effects of different modeling stimuli in a model reinforcement counseling setting. Results indicated no differences in effects between an all-verbal presentation and a more detailed presentation showing the activities he was describing while being verbally reinforced for his behavior. (Author)