Results indicated that a combination of primary and conditional reinforcers was most effective in developing a verbal conditioned reinforcer which effectively functioned as a self-reinforcer to facilitate new learning for 80 second grade Ss. (Author/WY)

Indicates that the use of verbal rewards which are not congruent with behavior will result in less efficient problem-solving than either a neutral, no-reward situation, or the use of rewards which are congruent with the problem-solving behavior. The giving of congruent rewards improved the problem-solving efficiency of girls but not of boys. (LS)

Research supported by a Summer Faculty fellowship from the University of Delaware.

Reviews research on viewers' understanding and retention of television news broadcasts; discusses the cognitive processes of memory and comprehension; and develops two models, one based on episodical memory and the other on semantic networks. Guidelines are offered for research based on both of these models. More than 40 sources are cited. (EAO)

Examines the hypothesis that an attentional preference for an imitator is a function of the magnitude of reinforcement associated with that person, and measures response uncertainty, a construct considered important in the effectance arousal theory often used to explain "being imitated" effects. (Author/RH)

Examines the relative utility of exemplar and linguistic information for acquiring basic and superordinate categories. Developmental differences were predicted in the ability to benefit from the linguistically specified information. Preschool, kindergarten, and first-grade children were tested. (Author/SS)

The relationship between sensitive maternal behavior and mother-infant vocalization during feedings was examined in an effort to determine this situational meaning of Ainsworth's concept of sensitivity. (Author/DB)

A series of experiments demonstrate that (a) temporal and spatial structures may be coded independently of one another, (b) linguistic materials lead to temporal superiority whereas pictorial forms give rise to temporal/spatial equality, (c) imposed encoding strategies do not influence the above patterns, and (d) imaginal processing does not…

Investigates the resolution of inconsistent attitude communications by schizophrenic patients as compared to a matched group of normal subjects. Twelve inconsistent messages served as the experimental stimuli. Some general guidelines for the practicing therapist and implications for double-bind theory are discussed. (Editor/RK)

Pictures generally show superior recognition relative to their verbal labels. This experiment was designed to link this pictorial superiority effect to sensory or meaning codes associated with the two types of symbols. (Editor)