The problems inherent in analyzing data in which subjects are "nested" within hierarchical units (such as classrooms or schools), and thus are not independent of one another, are addressed through the use of Joreskog's LISREL model for analyzing covariance matrices. A solution to the problem is proposed and illustrated using data from…

The testing of contemporary sociological theory often calls for the application of structural-equation models to data which are inherently collinear. It is shown that simple ridge regression, which is commonly used for controlling the instability of ordinary least squares regression estimates in ill-conditioned data sets, is not a legitimate…

This study reports the results of research on analyses of game difficulty. Predictor variables were number of rules, spaces, and pieces necessary to play a game. Criterion variables were related to the child's ability to play successfully, and numbered eight. Data were subjected to multiple regression analysis, leading to the conclusion that it is…

Replicating the work of others who hypothesized that status inconsistancy increases political liberalism, this study involved a random sample of rural Michigan population. Utilizing multiple regression analysis, respondents were scored on the variables of occupation, income, education, religion, and political party preference. Hypotheses tested…

This document describes (1) the development of effectiveness criteria for Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC), and (2) relationships between the criteria and various environmental and program characteristics. Normative data are presented for selected criteria (enrollment, production, and unit costs) for each school year between1966…

One aspect of multiple regression--the shrinkage of the multiple correlation coefficient on cross-validation is reviewed. The paper consists of four sections. In section one, the distinction between a fixed and a random multiple regression model is made explicit. In section two, the cross-validation paradigm and an explanation for the occurrence…

This paper investigates the relationship between the demand-response behavior of school boards and incumbent school board member defeat. Demand is defined as public demand as operationalized by social, economic, and political indicators (listed in Appendix A). Response is defined as school board response to public demand as operationalized by the…

Three mathematical models and their enrollment projections for higher education in Georgia are presented. The first model is an extrapolation of current trends. The second model is a simple linear regression model based on steady growth. The third is a multiple regression model attempting to account for the influences of several variables…

Two theories direct researchers in their efforts to find the optimum school or district size. The first theory holds that expenditures per student decrease as the size of the school increases. The second theory maintains that the first is true only to a certain enrollment level at which point the greater complexity of the school increases…

Four computer programs using the general purpose multiple linear regression program have been developed. Setwise regression analysis is a stepwise procedure for sets of variables; there will be as many steps as there are sets. Covarmlt allows a solution to the analysis of covariance design with multiple covariates. A third program has three…

This paper presents the results of three experiments studying routine problem-solving tasks in simple addition and subtraction. Indications are that children tend to solve such problems by internalized counting procedures which may be learned independently as a consequence of practice in problem solving. Brief descriptions of exploratory studies…

The purpose of the present study was to investigate empirically the effects of violations of the assumption of homogeneity of within-group regression slopes on levels of significance in the F test of fixed-effects ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). The study used a Monte Carlo computer simulation procedure to generate data under the following…

The objective was to improve procedures for selecting entrants with better potential for (a) completing the Coast Guard Academy and (b) remaining on active duty after graduation beyond the mandatory five-year period. Stepwise multiple regression was applied to the information on 10 instruments to develop equations for predicting graduation. Five…

Joreskog's general method for analysis of covariance structures was developed for estimating a model involving structures of a very general form on means, variances, and covariances of multivariate observations. This method achieves a great deal of generality and flexibility, in that it is capable of handling most standard statistical models as…

In 1966, the Department of Defense lowered entrance standards for military service. Men who enter the service as a result of this action are called 'New Standards' men. In this research, the relationship between literacy status of a sample of New Standards men after 23 months of Army service and various indices of military performance was…