Universities arose because a supportive and protective environment conducive to face-to-face learning, scholarship, and debate was needed. Predictions that various technologies, including television, teaching machines, and Internet-based instruction and distance learning, would replace universities have not been realized. For 800 years, nothing…

A multi-stage study of the practices of expert courseware designers was conducted with the final goal of identifying methods for assisting non-experts with the design of effective instructional systems. A total of 25 expert designers were involved in all stages of the inquiry. A model of the expert courseware design process was created, tested,…

Learning sciences (LS) and instructional systems design (ISD) are two related fields that have shared interests in the application of technology for advancing human learning. While the two fields may have different values, boundaries, and in some cases methods, they also share significant overlap of content and purpose. We examine the relationship…

Increasingly, educators and trainers are challenged within their respective organizations to provide for the efficient distribution of instructional content using instructional media. The appropriate selection of instructional media to support distance learning is not intuitive and does not occur as a matter of personal preference. On the…

Technologies can play a role in restructuring schools, but they can also effectively support existing school structures depending on how they are designed and used. This paper contrasts the organizational impact of two technology systems in terms of the physical location in the school, the curriculum, how time is scheduled, and the opportunities…

This paper is the second in a three-part series on SYS IV, an instructional management system developed by the PLATO Curriculum Project (PCP) that incorporates some of the features of the previous SYS systems. Focus is primarily on the new features that make the system unique. Following a brief background section explaining the purpose of SYS IV,…

Author presented a description of an instructional system that has been developed and applied successfully, whereby a single art teacher's effectiveness has been considerably expanded. (Author/RK)

This final report describes a general purpose system for developing intelligent tutors based on the Structural Learning Theory. The report opens with a discussion of the rules and related constructs that underlie cognitive constructs in all structural learning theories. The remainder of the text provides: (1) an introduction to the Structural…

This paper discusses a range of teaching styles possible for use in Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction (ICAI) and suggests that they may usefully be thought of as points within a framework of guided discovery teaching methods. The nature of guidance in tutoring and possible ways of providing guidance are discussed in the context of…

This book is intended to promote the development of systems of continuing education and describe some of the principles involved in establishing them, at either a national or regional level. The book is designed for workshop organizers, workshop participants, and persons interested in promoting continuing education systems. Resources are provided…

This paper presents an analysis of the factors influencing human decision making, and its implications for the judgments and choices that result from juxtaposition of data with decision content. The analysis serves as a background for the consideration of selected issues regarding the specificity of information in data-based decision making in…

A systematic ten-step approach to behavioral sales training is offered: (1) sales-behavior training goals, (2) cognitive maps, (3) sizing-up of skills, (4) selling techniques, (5) realistic practice, (6) feedback, (7) individual business goals, (8) plan of action, (9) review of results, and (10) research results. (MW)