This study investigated the relationships between Piagetian logical reasoning abilities with an information processing capacity, and first-grade children's performance on verbal addition and subtraction problems. An analysis of simple arithmetic problems indicated that several reasoning abilities identified by Piaget are needed to achieve…

This study looks at the correlates of mathematics anxiety in female college freshmen through an examination of the following: (1) the correlation between mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement; (2) the correlation between anxiety and attitudes; (3) the correlation between the number of mathematics courses taken in high school and anxiety;…

Forty-five children aged four-and-a-half to five-and-a-half years old were given number conservation tasks in three conditions: (1) a count condition in which children were helped to count each set after the transformation; (2) a match condition in which children were helped to connect by a string each animal with its peanut; and (3) the standard…

In its broadest sense, metalinguistic awareness refers to the study of or reflection upon language as an object--the form and structure of language rather than the content, the way in which the form expresses or relates to the message. One value of research on metalinguistic awareness lies in its potential for testing adult notions about the ways…

The term, "schema," used largely as a descriptive convenience rather than a theoretical guidepost in social psychology is examined through an analysis of its development, function, and structure. This paper articulates a model of schema development in adults by defining a schema as a representation of some stimulus domain and a set of…

This report summarizes a number of exploratory and pilot studies undertaken to investigate the relationship of individual differences among college mathematics students to discovery and expository instruction, and to Personalized Systems of Instruction (PSI). Research in education has often attempted to demonstrate the superiority of one type of…

Research on the structures and processes involved in simple mental arithmetic is reviewed. Results suggest that mental arithmetic is a memory retrieval phenomenon, which develops with the experiences of elementary school and can be understood in general as retrieval from organized network representations. Simple mental addition with basic facts…

Interviews with 40 instructors who had attended mastery learning workshops were conducted by the Chicago City Colleges to determine whether and why the instructors had modified and/or discontinued the mastery learning strategies and to correlate the degree of mastery learning implementation with teacher characteristics and attitudes. The…

An annual annotated listing of research on mathematics education is presented. The research is organized alphabetically by author(s) within three categories (research summaries, journal-published reports, and dissertation abstracts). Grade and age levels are indicated for each reference. An index of general topics is appended to help readers…

This paper briefly describes four early childhood education philosophies (cognitive-interactionist, behaviorist, affective-interactionist, and developmental-maturationist). Each philosophy is briefly reviewed to provide understanding of its application to an appropriate curriculum model. A reading program congruent with each philosophy and model…

A model for the development of elementary and secondary instructional materials covering the broad range of intellectual skills is presented. The document is a result of a search to identify and evaluate existing instructional materials, classification schemes, models, hierarchies, and taxonomies of cognition. It is presented in four sections.…

This book concludes a six-volume review of research and theory on learning and cognition. Its six chapters cover the following topics: theories of semantic memory, comprehension and memory of text, coding processes in memory, perceptual learning from reading, speech perception, and the organization and core concepts of learning theory and…

A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF PHONICS UTILIZING THE GESTALT METHOD OF LEARNING IS PRESENTED. THE WORDS IN THIS COURSE IN PHONICS ARE TO BE TAUGHT AT A TIME DIFFERENT FROM THE READING CLASSES, BUT THE PRINCIPLES DEVELOPED ARE TO BE APPLIED WITHIN THE READING CLASSES. THE COURSE CAN BE USED WITH ANY BASIC TEXT AND STRESSES THE ABILITY OF CHILDREN TO…

THE CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN HUMAN LEARNING WAS ESTABLISHED IN JANUARY, 1964 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TO "DEVELOP A CONTINUOUS AND CLOSE-WORKING RELATIONSHIP AMONG PSYCHOLOGISTS IN VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY DOING RESEARCH ON HUMAN LEARNING AND ON PROCESSES RELATED TO HUMAN LEARNING." THE AIM OF THE CENTER IS TO SERVE BOTH THE…

This experiment tested the hypothesis that stimulation in a given mode of discourse (e.g., the argumentative, or "A", mode of theme writing) will improve the quality of compositions written in that mode, but decrease the quality in another mode (e.g., the descriptive, or "D", mode). Ninety first-graders were required to write two themes in the "D"…