Research findings, theories, and examples of the effectiveness of radio and television programs are organized to create a guide for analyzing their educational messages. It is demonstrated that radio and television programs are composed of a set of messages made up of more than one level of language, such as verbal (words), paraverbal (pitch,…

A two-phase study was designed to investigate the relationship between cognitive skills hypothesized (by Piaget) to underlie number competence, and performance on tasks requiring logical reasoning with number-related concepts. During the first phase, a battery of tasks was administered to 60 kindergarten and 60 third-grade students. These tasks…

This booklet is an evaluation of the use of homework as it contributes to learning. The main contention of the booklet is that as often as possible homework should be in the form of independent study projects and should be interesting and enjoyable rather than boring or overly difficult. It is suggested that homework assignments which are too long…

Two computer-assisted instruction programs were written in electronics and trigonometry to test the Wollmer Markov Model for optimizing hierarchial learning; calibration samples totalling 110 students completed these programs. Since the model postulated that transfer effects would be a function of the amount of practice, half of the students were…

This volume includes reports of six studies of the thought processes of children aged four through eight. In the first paper Steffe and Smock outline a model for learning and teaching mathematics. Six reports on empirical studies are then presented in five areas of mathematics learning: (1) equivalence and order relations; (2) classification and…

The purposes of the project described in this report were to train curriculum specialists and to develop and test curriculum design training materials. The first phase of the project included the development of training materials and their use to train a small group of students. During the training of the pilot group of students, an effective…

Various methods of learning employed to solve problems in mechanical engineering are presented. Results indicate that video recording and playback to students is the most effective instruction process. A comparison of analytical thinking to rote memory was made, and variables which affect learning, such as personality, are discussed. (NTIS)

Reported is a test of retention related to a weight, texture, and force experiment performed by a group of 120 first grade students who had been randomly grouped into three treatment strategies. The results of the retention task, accuracy test, an analysis of the strategies used on both posttests and retention tests, and some miscellaneous post…

Participants in a seminar series in second language acquisition held at Harvard University discussed three papers by Dulay and Burt ("Goofing: An Indicator of Children's Second Language Learning Strategies,""Should We Teach Children Syntax?", "Natural Sequences in Child Second Language Acquisition"), and developed…

This book examines the Piagetian periods of concrete operations and formal operations from both educational and psychological points of view. The twin purposes are to interpret these levels and the transition between them in terms of implications for mathematics curriculum and teaching, and to derive psychological implications from experiences in…

The project consisted of several independent sub-experiments focusing on factors that affect moral reasoning among young children. Preschool children, following brief training programs, reasoned more maturely about intentionality, punishment, sanctions following behavior, relativity, and immanent justice. Two methods of training were compared. In…

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of a child's performance in solving addition and subtraction problems using concrete embodiments compared to his performance using the symbolic mode. A random sample of 144 second grade children were tested. It was found that children proficient in regrouping addition and subtraction…

A proposal to formulate nomothetic theories -- general statements or scientific laws -- in a way to allow for an immediate test of individual differences is presented. The need for such a proposal is cited in recent developments in structural model building in the area of memory called information processing and in the concern to bring individual…

This paper discusses the problem of how to deal effectively with students' errors from the perspective of Error Analysis. Basic aspects of the theory such as "interlanguage,""learning strategies" and "the interpretation of errors" are introduced; and empirical data from child language learning studies are presented to support the underlying…

In this paper, two theoretical approaches to language teaching, the audio-lingual and the cognitive code methods, are examined with respect to how they deal with feedback in the classroom situation. Audio-lingual theorists either ignore completely the need for feedback in the classroom or deal with it only in terms of its reinforcing attributes.…