Discusses the nature of the internal representation of cognitive structure, the methodological problems involved in mapping it, and the proposed kinds of "maps." Reviews research on the organization of scientific concepts in semantic memory. (GA)

Investigates classification achievement in Thai and American children as well as children's classification achievement within cultures and across cultures at different age levels. One hundred and twenty American and Thai children from 6 to 11 years of age were randomly selected to participate in this study. (HM)

Utilizing Michael Polanyi's theory of knowledge as a framework, the author outlines an approach in which illiterate adults might increase their motivation and chances of success in developing reading skill. (EM)

The definition of hierarchical structure is reviewed, together with psychometric and experimental evidence regarding the existence of specific structures. A mathematical model including hierarchical and nonhierarchical options for a two component task is presented, along with an experimental design appropriate for testing the model and related…

Provides a review of research on scientific reasoning in persons between ages 14 and 18. For the application, the ability to separate variables or use the concept of "all other things being equal" is termed scientific reasoning. Over 50 studies are referenced. (CP)

Increasing availability of hand-held calculators in the student's world forces educators to take a hard look to see what course the schools should take in mathematics education. Planned research and development will be necessary in the next decade to explore a variety of options that schools may use. (Author/JP)

Reviews research relevant to understanding the conditions in which elaborative inferences are made, with a particular concern for the implications for schema-theoretic notions of comprehension. (FL)

Critically examines papers by Wellman and Estes, Olson and Torrance, and Hall and Nagy. (AEW)

Fourth-grade students (N=120 including eight learning disabled students) were taught via the Precision Teaching Method to meet a mastery criterion of either 70 or 35 correct responses per minute. Results indicated that average or below average students needed the higher proficiency rate to ensure skill retention. (DB)

Argues that learning strategies represent new educational technology replacing media-based with learning- and knowledge-based conceptions. This is substantiated by tracing educational technology's intellectual revolution along the paths of psychological/philosophical foundations, research interests, prominent strategies, and orientation. The…

A review of literature regarding the communicative approach to language teaching discusses achievements and problems with this approach, language learning and the social self, speech and cognition, and reactive and proactive initiative. The need to develop language learning environments which will enhance proactive initiative and self-reliance in…

Issues relating to the psychoeducational evaluation of bilingual children from French immersion programs are presented using data from an in-depth study of a young learning disabled girl, discussed in reference to Cummins' theory of cross-linguistic transfer. (Author/MSE)

The premise behind the cognitive approach to teaching is that understanding results when new learning is integrated with existing knowledge. But the goal of science instruction is to replace existing ideas with new theories. Current research in science education seeks to resolve these conflicting instructional approaches. (Author/VM)