The instruction of finger counting and finger calculation, also known as Chisanbop, is promoted as a natural method of introducing and teaching the basic processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division to children, particularly to those who are mentally and physically handicapped. The sequential process for teaching finger…

The Cellular Learning Theory Model is based on the premise that all formalized instruction and pedagogical strategies can be reduced to a common denominator: personal interactions with people, places, and things. The learning/teaching process consists of two unique, but interrelated variables: primary and secondary cells. Primary Learning Cells…

The conceptions of learning of 29 students enrolled in the Social Science Foundation course of Open University, Great Britain, were analyzed in relation to the five conceptual categories of learning reported by Saljo (1979). The first three of these concepts describes learning as an increase in information, knowledge as external to the student,…

Previous international studies of science achievement put the data through a process of winnowing to decide which variables to keep in the final regressions. Variables were allowed to enter the final regressions if they met a minimum beta coefficient criterion of 0.05 averaged across rich and poor countries alike. The criterion was an average…

Reported is the development, use, and evaluation of an instructional technique based upon: (1) the assessment of students' prior knowledge; and (2) a theoretical perspective advocated by Ausubel and others which emphasizes the importance of existing knowledge in influencing subsequent concept learning. The experimental group of 46 South African…

This final study in a series reports the investigation in detail of the sex-related differences in the mathematics achievement of sixth grade students. Students were stratified in four intelligence levels with 91.5, 101.5, and 111.5 IQ as cutpoints. Twenty computation scores and eight contemporary mathematics scores were derived from the…

This study investigated differences between the mathematics achievement of students receiving homework assignments and those not receiving homework. Thirty college students were divided into two equal groups. One group was given homework by the instructor, and the other group was not given any homework during the course. As predicted, the…

The selective learning hypothesis holds that individuals' learning of prose passages will be affected in varying ways by the passages' threatening or unpleasant content. To test this hypothesis, 19 college students read six prose passages--three containing threatening material and three nonthreatening--and then completed a cloze test for each…

Basic features of a method of connection-making training, developed by Gordon and Poze, can provide a compact method of connection-making in varying mental age levels. Based on the premise that simple connection-making is innate and available to stimulation in children of the primary and kindergarten grade ages, this method was used on a target…

Theories concerning the relationship between language acquisition and cognitive development are examined, and implications for education are discussed. There is disagreement about the sources and processes involved in achieving linguistic performance, and in particular, determining linguistic competence. Among the many theories and modifications…

This study attempted to establish the relationship of cognitive aptitudes and styles to measures of general and more subtle academic achievement. It was expected that the associations of aptitudes and styles to general measures of achievement would converge to form similar correlational patterns; associations of aptitudes to more subtle measures…

A model of Academic Learning Time (ALT) is described, where ALT represents ongoing student learning in terms of student engagement, low student error rate, and relevance of the instructional task to the specified outcome. This model was validated in a correlational study of the relationship between these variables and student achievement in…

This study seeks to identify particular methods most likely to induce changes in philosophical beliefs of teachers compatible with a cognitive developmental teaching approach. Specifically examined were teacher's theoretical understanding in terms of epistemological beliefs consistent with either Piaget's theory of cognitive development or operant…

Presented are 13 articles which contain abstracts and analyses of research reports related to mathematics education. The first article considers six working papers, on a variety of topics, from E. G. Begle and the Stanford Mathematics Education Study Group. Of the remaining reports, two deal with problem solving, five with some aspect of learning…

An analysis and model of the cognitive processes underlying complex learning situations are presented. A theory is proposed that attempts to specify particular internal knowledge structures generated and modified during instruction, and to use them to explain specific difficulties that the learner experiences and also the overall progress being…