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Luman, Marjolein; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Hyde, Christopher; van Meel, Catharina S.; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Both theoretical and clinical accounts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) implicate a dysfunctional reinforcement system. This study investigated heart rate parameters in response to feedback associated with reward and response cost in ADHD children and controls aged 8 to 12. Methods: Heart rate responses (HRRs)…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Reinforcement, Children
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Field, Andy P.; Schorah, Hannah – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Although many studies have now demonstrated that threat information is sufficient to change children's beliefs and behaviours towards novel animals, there is no evidence to suggest that it influences the physiological component of the fear emotion. Methods: An experiment is reported in which children (N = 26) aged between 6 and 9 were…
Descriptors: Animals, Statistical Analysis, Fear, Metabolism
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Ordonez, F. J.; Rosety-Rodriguez, M. – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2007
Since we have recently found that regular exercise increased erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in adolescents with Down syndrome, these programs may be recommended. This study was designed to assess the role of anthropometrical parameters as easy, economic and non-invasive biomarkers of GPX. Thirty-one…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Correlation, Body Composition, Down Syndrome
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Duker, Pieter C.; Van den Munckhof, Marcia – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2007
Five individuals, who were treated for severe self-injurious behaviors (SIB) with contingent electric shock, participated. Hereby, each occurrence of the target response was followed by a remotely administered aversive consequence. Participants' heart rates were compared at times when the active device of the equipment for the above procedure was…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Self Destructive Behavior, Anxiety, Patterned Responses
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Sullivan, Peter B. – Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2008
Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy (CP), spina bifida, or inborn errors of metabolism frequently have associated gastrointestinal problems. These include oral motor dysfunction leading to feeding difficulties, risk of aspiration, prolonged feeding times, and malnutrition with its attendant physical compromise.…
Descriptors: Intervention, Nutrition, Diseases, Cerebral Palsy
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Bimmel, Nicole; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Juffer, Femmie; De Geus, Eco J. C. – Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2008
The present longitudinal study examined resting heart rate and heart rate variability and reactivity to a stressful gambling task in adopted adolescents with aggressive, delinquent, or internalizing behavior problems and adopted adolescents without behavior problems (total N=151). Early-onset delinquent adolescents showed heart rate…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Behavior Problems, Delinquency, Health Conditions
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Barrett, Ruth M.; Wood, Marcelo A. – Learning & Memory, 2008
One of the alluring aspects of examining chromatin modifications in the role of modulating transcription required for long-term memory processes is that these modifications may provide transient and potentially stable epigenetic marks in the service of activating and/or maintaining transcriptional processes. These, in turn, may ultimately…
Descriptors: Drug Addiction, Genetics, Long Term Memory, Depression (Psychology)
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Ozgur, Sami; Pelitoglu, Fatma Cildir – Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 2008
In this study, the misconceptions emerged as a result of instruction were examined from the viewpoint of the Didactic Transposition Theory. To this end, two randomly selected sample groups (n = 33 and n = 31) from the students of two nearby schools in downtown Balikesir were included in the study. It was observed that different knowledge…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, Grade 6, Misconceptions, Anatomy
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Haley, David W.; Grunau, Ruth E.; Oberlander, Tim F.; Weinberg, Joanne – Infancy, 2008
Learning difficulties in preterm infants are thought to reflect impairment in arousal regulation. We examined relationships among gestational age, learning speed, and behavioral and physiological reactivity in 55 preterm and 49 full-term infants during baseline, contingency, and nonreinforcement phases of a conjugate mobile paradigm at 3 months…
Descriptors: Premature Infants, Infants, Responses, Child Behavior
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Lopata, Christopher; Volker, Martin A.; Putnam, Susan K.; Thomeer, Marcus L.; Nida, Robert E. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2008
This study examined the effect of social familiarity on salivary cortisol and social anxiety/stress for a sample of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. The relationship between self-reported social anxiety/stress and salivary cortisol was also examined. Participants interacted with a familiar peer on one occasion and an…
Descriptors: Autism, Familiarity, Correlation, Anxiety
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Luman, Marjolein; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2008
The present study investigated the impact of reinforcement valence and magnitude on response timing in children with ADHD. Children were required to estimate a 1-s interval, and both the median response time (response tendency) and the intrasubject-variability (response stability) were investigated. In addition, heart rate and skin conductance…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Reaction Time, Attention Deficit Disorders, Feedback (Response)
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Spencer, Thomas J.; Sallee, F. Randy; Gilbert, Donald L.; Dunn, David W.; McCracken, James T.; Coffey, Barbara J.; Budman, Cathy L.; Ricardi, Randall K.; Leonard, Henrietta L.; Allen, Albert J.; Milton, Denai R.; Feldman, Peter D.; Kelsey, Douglas K.; Geller, Daniel A.; Linder, Steven L.; Lewis, Donald W.; Winner, Paul K.; Kurlan, Roger M.; Mintz, Mark – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2008
Objective: This study examines changes in severity of tics and ADHD during atomoxetine treatment in ADHD patients with Tourette syndrome (TS). Method: Subjects (7-17 years old) with ADHD ("Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV") and TS were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with placebo (n = 56) or atomoxetine…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Attention Deficit Disorders, Patients, Severity (of Disability)
Goldstein, Sam, Ed.; Reynolds, Cecil R., Ed. – Guilford Press, 2010
Recognized as the definitive reference in the field, this book addresses a broad range of biologically based disorders that affect children's learning and development. Leading authorities review the genetics of each disorder; its course and outcome; associated developmental, cognitive, and psychosocial challenges; and what clinicians and educators…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Learning Problems, Behavior Problems, Genetics
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Bagner, Daniel M.; Sheinkopf, Stephen J.; Miller-Loncar, Cynthia L.; Vohr, Betty R.; Hinckley, Matthew; Eyberg, Sheila M.; Lester, Barry M. – Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2009
Evidence-based psychosocial interventions for externalizing behavior problems in children born premature have not been reported in the literature. This single-case study describes Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) with a 23-month-old child born at 29 weeks gestation weighing 1,020 grams, who presented with significant externalizing behavior…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Behavior Problems, Parenting Styles, Pregnancy
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Lopez-Manjon, Asuncion; Angon, Yolanda Postigo – Journal of Biological Education, 2009
There is no agreement about the robustness of intuitive representations of the circulatory system and their susceptibility to change by instruction. In this paper, we analyse to what extent students with varying degrees of biology instruction and different ages (High School Health Science and Social Science students and first and final year…
Descriptors: Physiology, Anatomy, Human Body, Psychology
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