AS COMPUTERS ARE USED FOR INCREASINGLY COMPLEX OPERATIONS SUCH AS RETRIEVING DOCUMENTS AND ANALYZING SENTENCES, IT BECOMES APPARENT THAT HUMAN DECISION-MAKING IS STILL AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE PROCESS. THE USE OF THE ON-LINE INTERACTIVE CAPABILITY OF TODAY'S THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS SUPPORTED BY TYPEWRITER AND DISPLAY SCOPE TERMINALS MAKES…

SPIRES WAS PLANNED AS A FIVE-YEAR EFFORT TO DEVELOP AND STUDY AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING FOR THE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION NEEDS OF PHYSICISTS AT STANFORD. THERE ARE TWO COMPONENTS TO THE SPIRES PROJECT. ONE IS TO STUDY THE INFORMATION NEEDS AND INFORMATION-SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF A USER POPULATION OF ABOUT 100 HIGH- ENERGY PHYSICISTS. DETAILS…

A MODEL FOR A CAREER GUIDANCE SYSTEM THAT APPEARS TO EFFECT POSITIVE CHANGE FOR STUDENTS, SCHOOLS, AND THE COMMUNITY IS PRESENTED. THERE ARE FOUR PHASES TO THE MODEL, ONE FOR EACH YEAR THE STUDENT IS IN HIGH SCHOOL. THE STUDENT'S SKILLS, APTITUDES, INTERESTS, INTELLIGENCE, AND ACHIEVEMENTS ARE DETERMINED AT INITIAL FACT GATHERING SESSIONS. THIS…

A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WAS DESIGNED TO STUDY THE VALUE OF TEACHING CHILDREN SUCH A COMPLEX PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY AS TO USE KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS AFTER A PERFORMANCE TRIAL TO REJECT MORE THAN ONE HYPOTHESIS AT A TIME (MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS STRATEGY). APPROXIMATELY 150 THIRD-GRADE CHILDREN WERE DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS--THOSE TAUGHT THE MULTIPLE…

This paper is one in a publication series containing general knowledge which can help colleges and universities in the various phases of developing comprehensive cooperative education programs (see note). It focuses on design of a suitable cooperative management information system. The paper begins by establishing a perspective about management…

The term, "schema," used largely as a descriptive convenience rather than a theoretical guidepost in social psychology is examined through an analysis of its development, function, and structure. This paper articulates a model of schema development in adults by defining a schema as a representation of some stimulus domain and a set of…

A comparative study of two types of media, a newspaper and a museum, reveals substantive differences in the ways each of these communications organizations alters the information which it presents to the public. Interviews conducted with spokespeople from the Washington Post and the Smithsonian Institution focused on three major theories of…

The efficient use of information depends on the way it is organized. Haphazard information may serve some useful purpose, but for a particular purpose, information needs to be processed into another structure which more easily fulfills that purpose. This booklet examines the concepts of information and information processing with the intention of…

This is a description of the motivation and overall organization of the OWL language for knowledge representation. OWL consists of a linguistic memory system (LMS), a memory of concepts in terms of which all English phrases and all knowledge of an application domain are represented; a theory of English grammar which tells how to map English…

This investigation matches the emerging techniques in computerized natural language processing against emerging needs for such techniques in the information field to evaluate and extend such techniques for future applications and to establish a basis and direction for further research toward these goals. An overview describes developments in the…

This report describes the conceptual framework of a study examining the feasibility of developing, on a nationwide basis, a system of statistical indicators of educational knowledge outputs, dissemination structures, and knowledge utilization settings and outcomes, along with their contextual indicators. Using the notion of social indicators to…

This paper describes the development of textual information displays for home consumption on modified television receivers in Great Britain over the last few years, compares two systems in use there--Teletext and Viewdata--and discusses some future possibilities for such services in the U.S. as well as the U.K. British television equipment…

IN A PILOT STUDY CONDUCTED TO PROVIDE BETTER INFORMATION FOR CAMPUS PLANNING, COMPUTER PROGRAMS WERE DEVELOPED TO ANALYZE DATA COLLECTED FROM STUDENT DIARIES. AREAS OF CONCERN INCLUDED--(1) TIME SPENT IN A SPECIFIC ACTIVITY, (2) TRAFFIC ACTIVITIES AND RELATED VARIABLES (COSTS, ETC.), AND (5) PROJECTION OF FUTURE CAMPUS ACTIVITY-SPACE RELATIONSHIPS…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER WAS TO EXAMINE THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE ERIC PROGRAM, AFTER TWO YEARS OF OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE, WAS REACHING THE OBJECTIVES SET FORTH FOR IT AT ITS INCEPTION IN 1965. DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES INDICATE THAT ERIC HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN ATTAINING ITS FOUR MAJOR OBJECTIVES--(1) TO MAKE SIGNIFICANT, BUT PREVIOUSLY UNAVAILABLE…

This report describes how vocabulary and thesaurus techniques can be applied to a user-oriented computerized data handling system. An analysis is presented of the specialized problems associated with the development of vocabularies and rules for regulating their usage. The report consists of glossaries of action verbs and nouns accompanied by…