Brief training sessions can improve first-graders' performance on double-classification problems. Questions are raised about whether or not the basic intellectual ability underlying performance has also been increased. (WY)

Reasoning skills of nonmajor nutrition students were assessed on the basis of their performance on tests derived from the work of Piaget. There was no difference between those who used formal reasoning and those who did not in terms of their ability to comprehend and apply elementary nutrition information. (Author/CT)

The author argues that, in all people, one hemisphere of the brain has dominance--either the left, logical side, or the right, creative side. He presents methods of improving the design and delivery of learning through developing the recessive hemisphere. (CT)

Explores some implications of individual perceptions for management development. Suggests that logic is necessary but not sufficient in dealing with problems and opportunities and that the perceptual side of problem solving is becoming more dominant. (JOW)

Results showed that only 32 percent of adult female shoppers in a supermarket were able to use a proportional reasoning strategy to determine which of two sizes of a common item (size ratio 2:3) was the better buy. Performance declined when the ratio was more complex. (JMB)

Unless sensitized to avoid them, Ss (regardless of grade) tended to draw overly sweeping inferences, perhaps because of a need for closure. Older Ss, however, were more successful at suspending judgment when no definite conclusion was justified. (Author/DLS)

This article warns of the ultimate inadequacy of relying upon outward perception (through the senses) and argues how inward perception (through the mind as a whole) may bring us into contact with new forms and areas of reason. (MM)

Three paper-and-pencil formal operations tests were administered to groups of eighth graders and adults. These measures provided scores that indicated each subject's level of reasoning for three second-order operations: combinations, proportionality, and propositional logic. (JMB)

Investigates inferential behavior in five- and six-year-old children who made inferences about the spatial locations of models of animals and people in three experiments. Two levels of inference were found. Inferences of most five year olds were consistent with information given; Inferences of most six year olds were logically necessary ones.…

Reports three experiments based on the hypothesis that qualitative changes in verbal reasoning emerge, not from the conclusions children draw, but from what they accept as conclusive evidence. Results show a gradual development across 7-13 age range in ability to distinguish logically certain from only suggested or probabilistic conclusions.…

Discusses the term "reform" or "rehabilitation" and how the interests of rehabilitation might best be served. Suggests that instead of deliberately modifying the habitual tendencies of offenders, reason as rehabilitation prompts offenders to guide their activities by a set of carefully determined principles. (Author/RK)

Suggests activities that can assist in learning how to develop hypotheses. (HOD)

First and second graders' understanding of transitivity for each of the relations "larger than,""smaller than,""longer than," and "shorter than" was investigated. Results showed that on only two of the eight comparisons did the order of presentation of the premises make a significant difference in students'…

Examined hypothesis that experiences unique to schooling account for improved performance on invalid conditional syllogisms with age. Found small negative effect from out-of-school experiences and considerable positive effect of schooling; hence, unlike other cognitive tasks in which schooling operates in same direction as out-of-school…

Explored self-serving biases in use of statistical "law of large numbers" (LLN) principle. Found that, on goal-enhancing and goal-neutral problems, adolescents were more prone to schema-based memory intrusions and adults were more prone to exemplar-based intrusions. Both age groups used LLN more frequently on goal-threatening than on…