Background: Online learning is becoming increasingly popular among learners. To enhance the effectiveness of online learning, researchers have embedded an affective pedagogical agent (PA) on the computer screen to help regulate learners' emotions and support their learning. However, previous research has paid little attention to the effects of…

Background: Online video-based learning often leads to fatigue, which detracts from engagement and learning outcomes. Previous studies have examined monitoring mental states like attention through electroencephalography (EEG) headsets, but limitations such as high costs, discomfort, and limited scalability persist. Objectives: This study evaluates…

Virtual Reality has proven to be highly promising within the field of learning. Most VR learning methods do not effectively implement pedagogical models or adapt to the individual's learning style. This research aims to bridge this gap by integrating Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), Flow Theory and Gamification within an educational Virtual Reality…

The scalability and accessibility of quality professional development (PD) is an ongoing concern in the teacher education community, yet little research has been conducted on potential solutions. We aimed to address this gap by developing an interactive, virtual PD program that uses intelligent tutoring systems and provides instant feedback to…

The Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OSLQ) is a widely used self-report instrument for assessing student self-regulated learning (SRL). Despite its prevalence, the dimensionality of the OSLQ is often unclear across different populations, and its item-level characteristics remain underexplored. This study investigates the psychometric…

This conceptual study explores and proposes strategies for enhancing security and academic integrity within the Open and Distance e-learning (ODeL) context, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols. As higher education continues to evolve, the reliance on online assessments has become more…

The scalability and accessibility of quality professional development (PD) is an ongoing concern in the teacher education community, yet little research has been conducted on potential solutions. We aimed to address this gap by developing an interactive, virtual PD program that uses intelligent tutoring systems and provides instant feedback to…

This study examined instructional strategies and assessment methods used in online undergraduate and graduate courses, with a focus on student-reported preferences and perceptions of effectiveness. The research aimed to identify commonly used instructional approaches, explore how students experience and evaluate these methods, and determine which…

Adaptive number knowledge represents the understanding and use of numerical characteristics and relations. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the role of adaptive number knowledge in solving problems that require the recognition of patterns. Therefore, we studied 61 sixth grade students' adaptive number knowledge and its connections to…

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred the integration of technology into education, leading to a surge in the adoption of online learning. To promote student success, it is essential to understand the factors that affect satisfaction and engagement with online platforms. This study examined the influence of student-teacher relationships (STR),…

The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted all aspects of human life, including the educational settings. Online and hybrid learning carried out during and after the pandemic certainly has a positive and a negative side, especially when it comes to students' mental health. At the same time, psychological well-being problems have become increasingly common…

This study investigates the level of readiness for massive open online courses (MOOCs) of students in Oman. It compares the readiness of ordinary students in the Omani higher education institutions (HEIs) and those outside HEIs who took a MOOC from the larger Omani society and tests for the differences between their levels of readiness.…

Collaborative design approaches have been increasingly adopted in the design of learning technologies since they contribute to develop pedagogically inclusive and appropriate learning designs. Despite the positive reception of collaborative design strategies in technology-enhanced learning, little attention has been dedicated to analyzing the…

In recent years, university teaching methods have evolved and almost all higher education institutions use e-learning platforms to deliver courses and learning activities. However, these digital learning environments present significant dropout and low completion rates. This is primarily due to the lack of student motivation and engagement.…

While the use of games for learning in higher education is well established, existing research provides limited understanding of individual experiences that shape engagement and learning in collaborative learning games. Insights into players' individual experiences can, however, contribute to a more nuanced utilization of learning games and to…