Contending that traditional grading practices victimize the mainstreamed handicapped student, this essay analyzes the uses of grades and recommends a flexible grading system based on the use of grades to assist mainstreamed students to achieve a sense of competence. (MJL)

Having pupils critique their own work is an alternative to marking that is worthy of consideration. Pupil critique fosters in students a willingness to take responsibility for the quality of their work products. (RM)

The competency-based approach is used in teaching educational measurement during a five-week summer session. (SK)

Emphasizes the need for student discipline, fundamental schools, board of education control of the schools, and citizen involvement. (IRT)

Grades are described as communication devices typically wanted by users to help predict future performance. They are not perfect predictors but are generally better than the alternatives. The ultimate criterion for a grading system should be its effectiveness for a student's education. (Author/LBH)

Presents an elementary science evaluation scheme as an alternative to letter grades. Provides criteria for four main areas of evaluation: tests, experiments, projects, and scientific interest of the child. (MLH)

Discusses methods of evaluation in the social studies which test development of student skills in participation, inquiry, analysis, and reflection. Examples of evaluation strategies and suggestions on grading are presented. (Author/DB)

Proposed is a grading system utilizing independent checking and grade assignments to encourage student efforts. (SL)

Reviews state and federal court cases involving the admission, grading, and dismissal of college students according to academic standards established by the faculty. Concludes that the courts have generally refused to overturn faculty decisions based on purely academic standards. (JG)

This book is a comprehensive guide that shows step-by-step how to effectively integrate assessment into the classroom. Written for both new and seasoned teachers, this important book offers a practical aid for developing assessment skills and strategies, building assessment literacy, and ultimately improving student learning. This book consists of…

This paper explains the construction of a grading rubric that is designed to empower students with expectations of quality work. Teachers and students "negotiate" a mutually acceptable consensus. The contract process is based on the idea that when students feel they are valued participants in the assessment process, they become motivated to strive…

A single-administration classification reliability index is described that estimates the probability of consistently classifying examinees to mastery or nonmastery states as if those examinees had been tested with two alternate forms. The procedure is applicable to any test used for classification purposes, subdividing that test into two…

In this study, items were drawn from a full-length test of 30 items in order to construct shorter tests for the purpose of making accurate pass/fail classifications with regard to a specific criterion point on the latent ability metric. A three-item parameter Item Response Theory (IRT) framework was used. The criterion point on the latent ability…

To assure the fair and honest grading of student achievement, validity and reliability are key to writing test items. Clarity in writing each item is essential. Multiple procedures of assessing the achievement of university students should be implemented, and instructors and professors should be held accountable for the fair and honest grading of…

This paper summarizes well-reviewed research about teacher competence in the skills described in the "Standards for Teacher Competence in the Educational Assessment of Students." It also examines additional research studies from 1990 to the present. The standards emphasize: choosing and developing assessment methods appropriate for…