UNITS, ACTIVITIES, LESSON PLANS, AND RESOURCE MATERIALS TO HELP ELEMENTARY TEACHERS REINFORCE INSTRUCTION IN BASIC PRE-CANE MOBILITY AND ORIENTATION SKILLS ARE PRESENTED. APPENDIXES INCLUDE A DEFINITION OF TERMS, AN ORIENTATION AND MOBILITY CHECKLIST WITH TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS, SUGGESTIONS FOR GUIDING BLIND INDIVIDUALS, AND SUGGESTED SUMMER…

The report describes an effort to develop and test instructional materials, techniques and procedures - ESSETS (environmental sensing, selection, evaluation and training system) - for teaching functionally blind young adults to use electronic travel aids (ETAs). Considered are development of training guidelines, field site selection and instructor…

A peripatologist taught 102 blind and partially sighted individuals of all ages mobility and orientation techniques. Volunteers assisted with transportation, followup, consultation, and direct teaching of mobility. Over a 3-year period, the number of lessons per client varied from one to 86, and the number of hours spent by the instructor in…

Upright walking posture was successfully trained, maintained, and transferred to a new setting in a 28-year-old profoundly retarded adult. An apparatus in the S's cap and vest provided reinforcement (radio) when the S's head was up. The first four phases of the study demonstrated stimulus control in the training setting, while the next nine phases…

This paper focuses on a discussion of the following questions: (1) Why do American students want to study abroad? (2) What types of programs are available? (3) Is financial assistance offered? (4) What is European university life like? (5) Should a student receive credit for courses taken abroad? (6) How long should a student plan to study abroad?…

This guide is designed for those interested in organizing and/or participating in short-term study abroad programs. The following main topics are treated in detail: (1) the nature of the program, (2) the budget, (3) winning administrative approval for the program, (4) announcing the program, (5) orientation, (6) the program director, (7) the…

While many authorities apparently agree that international education can make a significant contribution toward furthering world understanding, there also seems to be agreement that some negative aspects of such programs exist. The authors of this paper believe that the non-academic aspects of international education are quite frequently the…

The urban environment creates an atmosphere of external and internal pressures which cause immeasurable stress in a blind person attempting independent travel. (Author/SB)

The article offers suggestions to the resource or itinerant teacher who may be required because of limited finances in rural areas to become the first orientation and mobility instructor for young blind students. (CL)

A summer program to provide American teachers of French opportunities for interaction with French people and culture is described. It is a contract program which unites curriculum development procedures with cultural experiences in France, language practice, and purposeful travel. (SW)

College students taking French at a small Midwestern college lived for 3 weeks with French-speaking Canadian families. The nucleus of the student experience was the opportunity to assist teachers in a bilingual elementary school. (Author/SW)

A description of a week-long, vicarious trip to France in a high school French class. The "trip" required students to do all the things a tourist does, and it utilized the four skills for communication purposes. Techniques for facilitating the process and for student evaluation are described. (AMH)

Coping mechanisms and other strategies are needed to alleviate the anxiety experienced by visually impaired students and clients during the mobility training process. This literature review discusses the effects of stress, potential stress reduction techniques, factors which impact independent mobility, and suggested areas of future research. (VW)

Dishonesty in vendor-buyer relations is nothing new. Any alumni director who has contracted with a tour company for alumni trips knows ethical questions can arise, begining with the issue of familiarization, or fam, tours. Some suggestions for setting policies in an alumni office are presented. (MLW)

The author, who over the years has taken many students abroad on study tours, shares some conclusions that he has reached. His thoughts, which include many practical tips on how to organize foreign travel, should be helpful to educators planning on undertaking such a venture. (RM)