Findings indicated that a sense of meaning in living is associated with a differential ability to make value judgments about the self but not about the external world, and with present and anticipated future satisfaction, but not with judged quality of past life. (Author)

Demonstrates the need for schools to clearly define diagnostic categories such as learning disabilities (LD). These LD students were considerably different from LD students in other studies. They performed on grade level according to the Wide Range Achievement Test, but significantly below their peers in actual classroom performance. (Author)

Examined the effects of different types of reinforcement on the performance of Black males diagnosed as being mildly mentally retarded. Children given tangible or culturally relevant rewards obtained significantly higher scores than did children given either no reinforcement or traditional social reinforcement. (Author)

Discusses the current interest in gifted children and efforts aimed to nurture their abilities. Peculiarities and problems associated with gifted children are also reviewed. (CS)

Data from a study of spatial representation in blind children were subjected to two stepwise regression analyses to determine the relationships between several subject related variables and responses to "map" (cognitive map) and "route" (sequential memory) questions about the position of furniture in a recently explored room. (Author/SBH)

This article summarizes results from studies of the organization and development of cognitive abilities in adults aged 20 to 60 years old. Theories of intelligence stipulating a hierarchy of intellectual functions, with fluid and crystallized intelligence at the top, are supported. Six conclusions on age differences are offered. (Author/RD)

Reviews research concerning television's impact on students' reading interests and achievement. (MKM)

Infants were classified as high or low in differential vocal responsiveness (DVR), and tested for degree of response to stimulation by a stranger and to stimulation by their mothers. The infants' DVR classification was related to scores on the Stanford-Binet and the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. (Author/SS)

Examined cultural bias of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) for Anglo-American, Black, and Mexican American children. Minority children responded in the same way as Anglo-American children. No clear pattern to items on the test that were more difficult for minority children appeared. The WISC-R appears to be nonbiased.…

Referred children were rated as significantly less self-controlled on the self control rating scale (SCRS) than were matched nonreferred children. Significant differences were found on the SCRS, Matching Familiar Figures test latencies and behavioral observations. The SCRS appeared to be a reliable and valid index of self-control. (Author)

Effects of the CoRT (Cognitive Research Trust) Thinking Project with slow learners in the United Kingdom is discussed. The aim of the project is to provide the framework which helps children arrive at a response to problems. (PHR)

Findings indicated that the judges were not able to determine accurately which items were more difficult for minority students and that there was no significant difference in accuracy between judges of the different ethnic backgrounds. (Author)

Martindale's assumption that Jews, Catholics, and Protestants are each homogeneous populations is criticized. His assumption that similar psychometric patterns found in brain-damaged and non-brain-damaged populations reflect similar brain organization is disputed. Martindale replies to this criticism. (Author/BEF)

The combination of intelligence with measures of related academic success self-concepts accounted for more achievement variance than did intelligence alone for the content areas of reading, language, and mathematics. Achievement was related to academic self-concept, but not to physical maturity, peer relations, or school adaptiveness…

Cultural bias and the clinical utility of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the French Pictorial Test of Intelligence were evaluted using scores of 22 male and 22 female Navajo primary grade children. As expected, the verbal IQ and full scale IQ of the WISC-R and the deviation IQ of the French provided significantly…