Presents a taxonomy describing various uses of artificial intelligence techniques in automated instructional development systems. Instructional systems development is discussed in relation to the design of computer-based instructional courseware; two systems being developed at the Air Force Armstrong Laboratory are reviewed; and further research…

The dichotomous Rasch model was applied to verbal subtest scores on the Intelligence Structure Test Battery for 905 12- to 15-year-old secondary school students in the Netherlands. Results suggest that, if any factor is used to increase difficulty of items, that factor should be used on all items. (SLD)

The effects of incidental learning were assessed in 2 experiments involving 201 seventh graders in Poland through an experimental paradigm based on the levels of processing theory. Data suggest that an important aspect of intelligence is "opportunistic" learning (learning in advance). Intelligent people take cognitive advantage of…

Describes five categories of software that can be useful in the basic writing classroom: computer-assisted instruction, computer-controlled instruction, artificial intelligence, computer-based rhetorical invention, and word processing. Evaluates each type of software in terms of their ability to fulfill the goals of basic writing instruction to…

Two studies assessed the construct validity of Greenspan's models of adaptive and social intelligence with 75 adolescents with mental retardation. Factor analysis measures of conceptual intelligence, adaptive behavior, and social intelligence yielded a practice-interpersonal competence construct. The second study, however, failed to establish the…

The Regression Discrepancy Model, intended to increase accuracy in assessing severe discrepancy between IQ and achievement scores in students with learning disabilities, is examined. The model's initial equation is shown to produce results which bias the detection of severe discrepancy at lower IQ levels. Methods to minimize or remove this bias…

The issues of construct validity, predictive validity, and item content bias on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) are examined. The review concludes that most objective data have not supported the issue of bias of the WISC-R when used with children of different ethnic backgrounds. (JDD)

Asa Hilliard, an African-American educator, stresses the following points: (1) the African-American cultural style tends to be more improvised, wholistic, and person-oriented than the European style; (2) teachers can be more democratic and equitable by recognizing cultural differences; (3) intelligence tests tend to hurt African Americans; and (4)…

Discussion of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) focuses on what is required to evaluate the efficacy of an ITS. Research and development aspects of ITS are examined; and seven main principles that may be used to design, plan, and implement an effective ITS evaluation are described. (Contains 40 references.) (LRW)

This survey of South Korean mothers (n=135) of children with mental retardation found significant correlations between parental score on a scale of parental adjustment and socioeconomic status, age of mother, and age of child. No significant trend was found for maternal adjustment and the child's IQ level. (DB)

Responds to article by Bagnato and Neisworth on social and treatment "invalidity" of intelligence testing for early intervention with preschoolers. Agrees with Bagnato and Neisworth that psychologists should employ wide variety of procedures and practices in their assessment of preschool children. Disagrees with conclusion that intelligence…

Responds to article by Bagnato and Neisworth on social and treatment "invalidity" of intelligence testing for early intervention with preschoolers. Contends that "intelligent" testing as part of appropriate assessment practice with young children will avoid many problems with "intelligence" testing as outlined by Bagnato and Neisworth. (NB)

This study of 6,007 males born in northern Finland in 1966 found that 6% acquired a criminal record between 15 and 22 years. A higher than average delinquency rate was found among those with lower socioeconomic status, especially when combined with low intelligence. Family social problems had a greater predisposing effect for delinquent behavior…

Three psychophysical auditory processing tests, varying in emphasis on speed of processing and pitch discrimination, and tests of verbal and nonverbal ability were administered to 108 13-year olds. A structural equation model suggests that information processing speed and pitch discrimination ability are significantly associated with nonverbal and…

This study examined the social adjustment and self-concept of 81 adults (18 to 26 years of age), of whom half had received special education services for learning disabilities. No significant differences were found between groups on social adjustment or self-concept scales. Achievement and IQ measures, collectively, were good predictors of global…