This paper briefly reviews research on tasks in knowledge-rich domains including developmental studies, work in artificial intelligence, studies of expert/novice problem solving, and information processing analysis of aptitude test tasks that have provided increased understanding of the nature of expertise. Particularly evident is the finding that…

Four articles focus on computers, information technology, and education: (1) "Information Technology: Some Implications for Education" (A. G. Shannon, B. S. Thorton, and Gareth Locksley) examines the last phase of technological development, the communication phase, as it relates to computer technology in education; (2) "Computers in…

A study examined the impact of court-ordered desegregation on the reading achievement of a group of first through sixth grade students over a 10-year period spanning the desegregation program, from 3 years before to 7 years after desegregation. Subjects, 4,965 students attending the Memphis State University Campus School during the duration of the…

Possible futures for the world of mainframe computers can be forecast through studies identifying forces of change and their impact on current trends. Some new prospects for the future have been generated by advances in information technology; for example, recent United States successes in applied artificial intelligence (AI) have created new…

This study examines the nature of the highly variable black-white difference across diverse tests and indicates the major systematic source of this between-population variation, namely, Spearman's g. Eleven large-scale studies (discussed in the appendix), each one comprising anywhere from 6 to 13 diverse tests, show a significant and substantial…

This paper draws from several disciplines to provide a foundation for making progress toward a unified conception of thinking in science education. Areas covered include: (1) the philosophy of science (discussing contextual realism); (2) cognitive psychology (describing development of scientific thinking skills); and (3) artificial intelligence…

This paper addresses the characteristics and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) as a subsection of computer science, and briefly describes the most common types of AI programs: expert systems, natural language, and neural networks. Following a brief presentation of the historical background, the discussion turns to an explanation of how…

The study examined the relationship between perceptions of intellectual ability, competence at specific academic subjects, and feelings of global self-worth in 166 learning disabled (LD) adolescents (ages 12-18) attending a private school for LD students. It used the Self-Perception Profile for Learning Disabled Students developed by M. J. Renick…

A study to determine how three advanced technologies might be applied to the needs of special education students helped inspire the development of a new method for identifying such applications. This new method, named the "Hybrid Approach," combines features of the two traditional methods: technology-push and demand-pull. Technology-push…

This review of the relevant literature in the area of numerical facility attempts to clarify the construct of numerical facility and provide guidance for items tapping this ability. The review is presented in five parts. The first section introduces two approaches that can be used to investigate numerical facility, including factor analysis.…

As early as 1958, respected educators pointed out that: traditional methods (standardized IQ tests, teacher recommendations, parent questionnaires) did not identify minority/culturally diverse children; the concept of gifted needed to include creativity; and creativity could be a strength of minority children. During the late 1960's in response to…

While it can be inferred from the literature that intelligent women are often perceived differently than are intelligent men, it remains unclear which individuals are and are not threatened by intelligent men and/or women. To explore parameters affecting the perception of an intelligent other person as threatening, 202 college students were…

The relationship between cognitive activity, achievement, and the number of eye fixations used by a learner in viewing visuals was examined. Past research has shown a positive correlation between learning and number of eye fixations and indicated that both the stimulus materials themselves and the viewer's intelligence level may influence viewing…

To investigate the influence of handedness in the referral of elementary school students to a school psychologist, 120 left-handed referrals were matched with 120 right-handed referrals by sex, full-scale intelligence quotient, and chronological age. Comparison of the groups revealed that twins were more numerous among the left-handed students.…

A total of 135 high school students were tested to determine the relationship between IQ scores, frame length, and comprehension of material presented in a programmed instruction format. The students were divided into three groups according to IQ scores; students in each group were randomly assigned to receive a programmed lesson that had long,…