Children (n = 122) and adults (n = 200) with dyslexia completed rapid automatic naming (RAN) letters, rapid automatic switching (RAS) letters and numbers, executive function (inhibition, verbal fluency), and phonological working memory tasks. Typically developing 3rd (n = 117) and 5th (n = 103) graders completed the RAS task. Instead of analyzing…

This current study introduced a new method to investigate the prevalence and correlates of significant imbalances in the relative accuracy with which eighth-graders read nonwords (e.g., "prauma") and exception words (e.g., "vaccine"). Substantial proportions of students showed imbalanced word-reading profiles, but these were…

Groups of Grade 3 children were tested on measures of word-level literacy and undertook tasks that required the ability to associate sounds with letter sequences and that involved visual, auditory and phonological-processing skills. These groups came from different language backgrounds in which the language of instruction was Arabic, Chinese,…

The authors examined second grade reading accuracy and fluency and their associations via letter knowledge to phonological and language predictors assessed at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years in children in the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Structural equation modeling showed that a developmentally highly stable factor (early phonological and…

This literature review provides support for the idea that subtle anatomical and functional deviations in the brain correlate with specific types of reading disorders. It finds evidence that symmetry or reversed asymmetry in the plana temporale may be associated with difficulty in acquiring sound/symbol relationships. Studies are reported to show…

A Study was conducted to test the hypothesis proposed by J. S. Symmes and J. L. Rapoport that a sex-linked recessive gene might account for the good spatial ability found among dyslexic readers, the familial pattern of the disorder, and the frequently reported sex ratio of three affected males to one female. Spatial/reasoning ability scores were…

Describes a tactile technique that draws letters on the skin as an approach to teaching children to begin reading and writing. Describes the development and use of a letter machine with normal beginning readers and dyslexic children. (GS)

The main aim of this study was to compare children diagnosed as dysphonetic and dyseidetic on a number of mental processing variables to determine if opposite patterns of relative strength and weakness between the groups could be documented. Another aim was to externally validate the diagnostic criteria, which were based on standardized clinical…

Research on the role of visual memory and serial recall in dyslexia is reviewed. Findings touch on feature theory, which proposes that information is held in the form of "features," and that students for example learn to discriminate letters by marking certain identifiable aspects. Other studies are described which focus on speed of processing…

Reviewed is research in the neurophysiology of cognitive functions as it related to dyslexia. (DB)

DYSLEXIA IS DEFINED AS A FORM OF VERBAL AMNESIA IN WHICH THE PATIENT HAS LOST THE MEMORY OF THE CONVENTIONAL MEANING OF GRAPHIC SYMBOLS. DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA HAS LONG BEEN THE SUBJECT OF PROFESSIONAL DISPUTES IN MEDICINE, EDUCATION, AND PSYCHOLOGY. THE BOOK TRACES THE GROWTH OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT DYSLEXIA AND DESCRIBES CONFLICTING IDEAS AS TO…

Dyslexia is defined as a specific language disability that involves a communication breakdown in either spoken or written language. Various kinds of schools, facilities, and services available for the child with a language disability are discussed, and criteria for evaluation are given which include consideration of motive and purpose, general…

Basic questions from a layman's viewpoint about the teaching of reading and other related issues are discussed. The questionable effects of the mass media on parental attitudes toward and awareness of reading issues is pointed out, and the need for professional communication on these issues is emphasized. Topics such as methods of teaching…

Contained in the annotated bibliography are 84 references to texts, journal articles, research reports, and teaching or program guides concerning dyslexia. The bibliography is one in a series of over 50 similar listings on handicapped and gifted children. Such topics as identification and educational diagnosis, research on dyslexia, lateral…

Developing a program of treatment for dyslexic readers involves four major problems: (1) definition of the reading isability, (2) administrative and educational inertia, (3) organization of the treatment program, and (4) the need for evaluatio and research. There is great disagreement over definitions of reading disabilities, yet an effective…