This report contains instructions for the use of GENERAL, a tutorial type teaching logic developed for the PLATO system. The logic of GENERAL is first introduced and diagrammed for the user. Then lesson planning for program authors is discussed in terms of format rules, branching pages, challenge pages, and information retrieval pages. Control…

The current study is concerned with identifying racial-ethnic differences in cognitive strategies or structures that are related to performance on verbal ability tests. The study had two goals: (1) to compare the semantic equivalency of intelligence test items between racial-ethnic groups, and (2) to examine the relationships of individual…

This study has 13 chapters. The first chapter introduces the study, with a background of reference to data from previous research on school desegregation studies. Chapter 2 discusses the events leading up to and ensuing from the desegregation decision of the Riverside California School District Board of Education. Chapter 3 gives an overall…

A large-scale test development project at the Language Teaching Research Center of the University of Gothenburg aims to develop tests in English as a foreign language for use in various areas of business and public administration. After testing, certificates stating current proficiency level in each of the four language skills (listening, reading,…

A prospective longitudinal investigation related 76 maternal and infant variables to performance on the Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRT) at age six. The 1,245 study subjects have been followed since birth. Their distribution on measures of intelligence and socioeconomic status is essentially normal. Subjects with high MRT scores were found to…

This paper presents the concepts of a computer-directed system to improve human performance in structured learning situations. Attention is focused on finite-state systems in order to provide a systematic method for constructing training systems and to assist in analysis of problem solving and curriculum planning. The finite-state approach allows…

In March of 1971, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that "if an employment practice which operates to exclude Negroes cannot be shown to be related to job performance, the practice is prohibited." Although the decided case concerned discrimination on the basis of race, the act also bars discrimination because of religion, sex,…

Approximately 1,225 Mexican American and Anglo American children in grades 1-6 (ages 6-14) from California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas were tested using school achievement and IQ standardized tests and four Piagetian-derived measures (Cartoon Conservation Scales, Water Level Task, Figural Intersection Test, and Serial Task). The field study's…

We need to find out the extent to which individual differences, social class differences and race differences in rates of cognitive development, and differential patterns of relative strength and weakness are attributable to genetically conditioned biological growth factors. The answers to this question might imply differences in our approach to…

The purpose of this study was to test some of the controversial issues raised by researchers studying the performances of children of middle class and low socioeconomic status (SES). In addition to studying the effects of SES and levels of intelligence on rote learning and more complex reasoning processes, the effects on reading achievement of…

This study was designed to test the relationship of 4-H Club work to the interests of rural youth during their school years (grades 6-12) and to selected performances--attitudes toward and participation in adult education and occupational choices--five years after high school. It was also intended to examine the relationship between interests and…

A type of problem-solving communication was defined in which communication accuracy was expected to be facilitated by common factors. Three tasks were developed which represented this class of communications and permitted the assessment of communication accuracy. Dyads (48) of grade 5 students--six of boys and six of girls from four population…

An analysis of the types of eye movements of subjects viewing motion picture films and telelessons revealed a continuum of movements. Two of the intervals of this continuum (No Observable Movements and Minimovements) were found to be related to intelligence. The factors of age and learning did not correlate with any of the indices. Subjects in the…

This report describes the first phase of a two-part study of the processes through which social and economic disadvantagement affect the early cognitive development and educability of urban preschool Negro children. Contents include: the background, conceptual context, and research procedures; the relation of family resources and maternal life…

Traditional measures of intelligence frequently yield low scores when applied to disadvantaged subjects. This study tests whether similar findings would result from measures of developmental behavior. Accordingly, the developmental behavior of 159 culturally disadvantaged children (85 boys, 74 girls) was assessed by systematic interviewing of…