In this paper, we report on the interim findings of a study that seeks to identify the characteristics of children's Critical Mathematical Thinking CMT. Characteristics of CMT were initially generated from a synthesis of relevant research literature and then validated using a case study methodology via trials in early childhood classrooms. This…

The nature of mathematical activity and discourse that teachers foster in classrooms is likely influenced by their explanations of sources of students' difficulty. Several small-scale qualitative studies suggest that how teachers make sense of student difficulty matters for whether they engage all of their students in rigorous mathematical…

Although growing evidence suggests a link between children's math skills and their ability to estimate numerical quantities using the approximate number system (ANS), little is known about the sources underlying individual differences in ANS acuity and their relation with specific mathematical skills. To examine the role of intergenerational…

In this article we first review evidence for the approximate number system (ANS), an evolutionarily ancient and developmentally conservative cognitive mechanism for representing number without language. We then critically review five different lines of support for the proposal that symbolic representations of number build upon the ANS, and discuss…

Based on two large-scale studies from Germany, we examined how different types of teachers' cultural beliefs are related to immigrant students' school adaptation. Specifically, we investigated the relationship of teachers' multicultural beliefs appreciating cultural diversity, their egalitarian beliefs focusing on all students' similarities and…

Individuals with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) are at risk of increased psychological distress, such as internalising (e.g. anxiety) or externalising (e.g. aggressive behaviour) symptoms. This study investigates the psychopathological profile of children and adolescents with SLD from their point of view and the point of view of their mothers.…

This study examined the relationship between language difficulties and learner's errors in financial mathematics, and it employed a quantitative research approach using a case study design. The population for the study consisted of all grade 10 mathematical literacy (ML) learners from three selected schools in East London District, from which 40…

This cross-national study aimed to examine gender bias and stereotypes in Australian, Singaporean and Turkish elementary mathematics textbooks. Content analysis approach was used to provide descriptive statistics about the number of male/female and gender-neutral characters in the textbooks. Findings indicated that total frequencies in textbook…

In classrooms, students engage in argumentation through justifying and generalizing. However, these activities can be difficult for teachers to conceptualize and therefore promote in their classrooms. In this article, we present the Student Discourse Observation Tool (SDOT) developed to support teachers in noticing and promoting student justifying…

The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of three groups of students, gifted hearing students (GH), average-ability hearing students (AH), and deaf students (DF) on mathematical ability. The sample consisted of a total of 167 students (91 males and 76 females). Deaf students came from the Al-Amal School (an inclusive school for…

The present study examines associations between learning difficulties (LD), academic emotions, and academic achievement among 845 Grade 6 adolescents (455 girls, 390 boys). Reading difficulties (RD) and math difficulties (MD) were identified based on tested reading and math skills in the fall semester of Grade 6. At this time, the students also…

This article reconsiders Case's theory of central conceptual structures (CCS), examining the relation between working memory and the acquisition of quantitative CCS. The lead hypothesis is that the development of working memory capacity shapes the development of quantitative concepts (whole and rational numbers). Study I, with 779 children from…

This research aimed to develop a definition maps-based plane geometry module to improve the student teachers' mathematical reasoning skills based on the level of Van Hiele. This development research was to produce a product in the form of a module at the college level. This research referred to the ADDIE model involving five stages, i.e. analyze,…

To assess the strength of conceptual understanding of number sense, a three-tier number sense test (TTNST) for fifth-grade students was developed and validated in this study. The three-tier test includes a content tier that assesses content knowledge of number sense, a reason tier that assesses a reason given for selecting a first-tier response,…

Contribution: Knowledge of students' Habits of Mind in a signal processing course, and a method for education research. The method identifies factors that may influence students' performance, but are not evident when analyzing agglomerated data; it is an alternative to the traditional case study method as it derives the cases after applying a…