To examine the relative effects of using photography and actual objects in training for generalization, 24 severely-moderately retarded adults were taught a simple industrial task. The use of photography as stimulus materials produced inferior results to those obtained from using actual objects or conventional teaching. (Author/CL)

Six adults with severe disabilities were taught to purchase coffee in a community restaurant using a 46-step task analysis, a prompt hierarchy of least to greatest prompts, and social reinforcement. Ss demonstrated competencies equal to non-handicapped customers and maintained these skills at a two- to five-month follow-up. (Author/CL)

Analysis of Individualized Education Program objectives of 22 special education students revealed that although a considerable number of objectives related to the development of potentially functional skills, very few suggested the desirability of generalized performance. (Author/CL)

Results indicated that the two treatment conditions (speech and speech-sign) did not differ significantly for either learning or generalization with 10 Down's Syndrome three-seven year olds. The data did, however, indicate that individual patterns of acquisition were evident among the children. Caution is advised concerning automatic adoption or…

Evaluated self-instructional interventions in an attempt to improve the generalization of training effects with non-self-controlled children (N=72). Results showed that, although children in the self-instruction group demonstrated gains on the task used during training, either these children nor those in the didactic control group showed…

The assessment of generalization has become a priority of applied behavior analysis. The study provided a thorough assessement of the generality of a comprehensive self-control intervention designed to increase the math performance of an underachieving student in a regular elementary school classroom. (Author/DB)

Results showed that the graduated prompting procedure was effective in training reach-grasp responding in all three children; for one child, effects were durable over repeated treatment applications, but not maintained during withdrawals; for another child, the procedure was effective in teaching reach-grasp responding in all three positions.…

Six severely mentally retarded adolescents acquired and generalized semantically based utterances more quickly when they were trained in the active participation conditions with real objects and behaviors rather than in the pictorial representation condition in which pictures depicting semantic-grammatical rules were used. (CL)

An adult chronic schizophrenic, residual type, with an additional diagnosis of mild-moderate retardation, received social skills training (SST). Videotaped role-play assessments showed change occurred following SST, while a multiple-baseline design demonstrated functional control over the behaviors. (Author/CL)

A refinement of Hofmann's paradigm for conservation training is proposed. It is suggested that a delayed learning task be utilized for assessing generalization. This, it is argued, would be also be a more preferable measure of whether or not new cognitive structures have been acquired. (Editor)

Teacher efficacy has proven to be an important variable in teacher effectiveness. It is consistently related to positive teaching behaviors and student outcomes. However, the measurement of this construct is the subject of current debate, which includes critical examination of predominant instruments used to assess teacher efficacy. The present…

This paper presents a conceptual model of assessment that defines six sequential, iterative steps: purpose identification; outcomes identification; measurement and evaluation design; data collection; analysis and evaluation; and decision making/action. The conceptual model of assessment closely parallels systematic scientific inquiry, especially…

Researchers consistently fail to report reliability estimates for data used in their studies. This lack of reporting hinders appropriate evaluation and interpretation of data and may lead to inappropriate conclusions. Because reliability is inured to scores obtained from a test, and not the test itself, it is important to report score reliability…

Assesses the relative effects of manipulation of antecedent stimulus conditions and subsequent reinforcement contingencies on imitative and nonimitative behavior. Fading (a form of antecedent conditions manipulation) was highly effective in establishing stimulus control of imitative and non imitative responding. Reinforcement of non imitative…

The ability of beginning readers to apply eighteen phonic generalizations in reading nonsense words in lists and sentences was studied. (Authors)