The etiological approach to psychological research is discussed, particularly regarding research on visual and vocal behavior. Thirty-four adult female dyads discussed topics on which they agreed and on which they disagreed. Each subject's looking and talking was recorded by observers on a computer in a time frame data structure. Data were…

Current views both of reading and of understanding spoken language conceptualize the process of deriving meaning as similar to hypothesis testing. The listener or reader is seen as selecting whatever information is required to confirm the hypothesized meaning. In the present study, 60 children (12 each in grades four through eight) reworded…

This paper describes three measures derived from a life events inventory to reflect an equilibrium model, a life crisis model and a positive mental health model of psychological well being. These measures were related to indicators of individual and neighborhood adjustment with data obtained through a household survey of 454 residents. Individual…

This paper explores the role of empathic arousal in mediating helping behavior. Undergraduates listened to a recording of a radio newscast that described the situation of a young woman whose parents had been killed in an automobile accident. Subjects were instructed either to imagine how the woman felt about her situation (imagine condition), or…

Subjects judged the behavior of a target person who had helped or not helped a person in distress while the target person was either alone or with confederates who also had helped or not helped. In addition, subjects were told that either (1) 80 percent of all persons tested had helped, (2) 20 percent had helped, or (3) nothing about the…

A longitudinal study was carried out to explore the causal relationship among satisfaction, performance, and several reward types. The major findings support "interpersonal rewards" as a further link of satisfaction and performance; the results failed to support either the human relations model (satisfaction causing performance) or the reverse…

Research designed to analyze the effect of achievement motivation and gender as determinants of attributions for success and failure is described. One-hundred and twenty male and female subjects, divided according to levels of achievement motivation, were asked to do an anagram task at which they were made to succeed or fail. Ratings of ability,…

This is a bibliography of literature on the subject of tension. Books, films, and periodicals with a bearing on stress, relaxation, anxiety, and/or methods of controlling stress are listed from the fields of physiology, psychology, and philosophy. New methods such as transcendental meditation and biofeedback are analyzed briefly and criteria are…

A self-administered questionnaire was used to compare selected driving, personality, and psychosocial variables of 306 convicted male drunk drivers with those of 289 alcoholics and 269 controls. The drunk driver group fell between the other groups on many parameters but resembled the control group on as many others. While some 40% of the drunk…

Three variables, derived from Blau's (1955) analysis of consultation networks among federal agents and Homans' (1961) social exchange analysis, were manipulated to observe their effects on help seeking. Subjects were presented with a hypothetical situation where help was needed. Subjects indicated that they would be more likely to seek help from a…

It has been suggested in previous literature that the wife's employment status has both positive and negative influences on marital interaction and companionship. The differences in findings and hypotheses can be interpreted by either the theory of role strain or the theory of role accumulation. The purpose of this investigation is to determine…

This is a discussion of the new American Psychological Association guideline to "Ethical Principles in the Conduct of Research with Human Participants" (1973) as applied to the study of natural groups in both the field and laboratory. Presented is a resume of some of the problems and solutions as they were encountered and resolved. Among the…

This study attempted to relate findings from social psychological research in the area of attitude change with communicator characteristics, and to apply conclusions drawn from this research to influence processes and persuasion within an educational context. Six basic hypotheses were tested employing three experimental groups and a control group.…

The first study concerns the effects of level of clinical experience of judges on reliability and validity of Experiencing Scale (EXP) ratings. Inexperienced and experienced judges rated tape-segments from psychotherapy sessions. No differences existed between ratings. The second study focuses on the relationships of in-therapy patient…

The National Health Survey Act of 1956 provides for the establishment and continuation of a National Health Survey to obtain information about the health status of the population in the United States. The psychological component of the Survey is included to provide a more complete assessment of the health and well-being of the population. A first…