COVERT BEHAVIOR HAS POTENTIALLY GREAT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE, THOUGH PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THIS RESPONSE CLASS IS MEAGER. SCIENTIFICALLY, COVERT BEHAVIOR HAS BEEN STUDIED FOR TWO REASONS--(1) BECAUSE OF ITS INTIMATE RELATION TO THE "THOUGHT PROCESSES," AND (2) BECAUSE IT IS PART OF THE REALM OF BEHAVIOR THAT THE PSYCHOLOGIST SEEKS…

ASSESSED WERE COGNITIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WHO WERE TAUGHT CONVENTIONAL CHEMISTRY AND THOSE WHO WERE TAUGHT CHEMICAL BOND APPROACH (CBA). FOUR COGNITIVE PREFERENCES WERE CHOSEN FOR STUDY--(1) RECALL OF FACTS AND TERMS, (2) PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, (3) CRITICAL QUESTIONING OF INFORMATION, AND (4) IDENTIFICATION OF A FUNDAMENTAL…

TO COMPARE SEVERAL METHODS OF DEVELOPING CLASSROOM QUESTIONING (PROBING) TECHNIQUES VIA DISTRIBUTED PRACTICE AND IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK, WHEN THE LATTER EMPLOYED VIDEOTAPED PERFORMANCES OF THE LEARNER, 85 INTERNS WERE VIDEOTAPED ON 4 OCCASIONS DURING THE FIRST 20 MINUTES OF REGULAR CLASSROOM LESSONS. IN BETWEEN TAPINGS THEY RECEIVED 30 MINUTES OF…

THIS PAPER EXAMINES SOME OF THE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN RESEARCH ON STUDENT-LED SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION TEACHING PROCEDURES. IT FOCUSES UPON PROBLEMS OF CRITERION EXAMINATION, USE OF RATING FORMS TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS METHODS OF INSTRUCTION, AND METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING CLASSROOM PROCEDURE. THIS PAPER…

THE PROBLEM OF THIS LONGITUDINAL STUDY WAS TO IDENTIFY THE COGNITIVE PROCESSES WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN CAREER DECISION-MAKING AND THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THESE PROCESSES ON CAREER DEVELOPMENT. AREAS OF CONCERN WERE (1) IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIES BY WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL CAN OVERCOME DECISION-MAKING DIFFICULTY, (2) ASSESSMENT OF THE SHORT-TERM…

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOUGHT PROCESSES UNDER OPTIMUM TRAINING CONDITIONS WAS STUDIED. OPTIMUM WAS DEFINED TO INCLUDE (1) A CURRICULUM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOUGHT, (2) TEACHING STRATEGIES FOCUSED DIRECTLY ON MASTERY OF NECESSARY COGNITIVE SKILLS, AND (3) A SUFFICIENT TIME SPAN TO PERMIT A DEVELOPMENTAL TRAINING SEQUENCE. CHILDREN FROM 20…

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS RELATED TO CREATIVE PRODUCTION WERE STUDIED TO OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE OF THE LEARNING CHARACTERISTICS AND EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN FROM VARIOUS SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS. CHILDREN FROM THE FIFTH GRADE WERE SELECTED AS SUBJECTS - 359 NEGRO AND 244 WHITE CHILDREN. FURTHER DIVISION INCLUDED FOUR SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS. A VARIETY…

TWO STUDIES ON LEARNING SET FORMATION IN CONTINUOUS, DISCOURSE-PROGRAMED MATERIAL WERE CONDUCTED. ONE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH 315 COLLEGE STUDENTS, THE OTHER WITH 141 SIXTH-GRADE STUDENTS. THE MAJOR INDEPENDENT VARIABLE WAS THE NUMBER OF PROGRAMED UNITS ADMINISTERED. THE DEPENDENT VARIABLES WERE PRE- AND POST-ACHIEVEMENT TEST SCORES AND ERROR…

A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WAS DESIGNED TO STUDY THE VALUE OF TEACHING CHILDREN SUCH A COMPLEX PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY AS TO USE KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS AFTER A PERFORMANCE TRIAL TO REJECT MORE THAN ONE HYPOTHESIS AT A TIME (MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS STRATEGY). APPROXIMATELY 150 THIRD-GRADE CHILDREN WERE DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS--THOSE TAUGHT THE MULTIPLE…

This study investigated the relationships between Piagetian logical reasoning abilities with an information processing capacity, and first-grade children's performance on verbal addition and subtraction problems. An analysis of simple arithmetic problems indicated that several reasoning abilities identified by Piaget are needed to achieve…

This paper concentrates on cognitive psychological research on school subjects using as illustration work in reading, mathematics, and aptitude for learning. In general, the work in reading research can be characterized in terms of three themes: (1) comprehension as the construction of knowledge; (2) the structure of text; and (3) reading as the…

A model of identity formation, based on the cognitive developmental stages of social perspective-taking, was tested to determine if identity is achievable through cognitive strategies of considering the self in relation to friends, family, peers, and society. Two separate studies, one involving college students (N=28) and one involving high school…

This first in a series of seven related teaching guides that together outline a public school district's English language arts curriculum for kindergarten through grade six focuses on a course of study for kindergarten. The guide explains the district's overall philosophy and teaching goals and the philosophy behind the development of the…

This report on the influence of emotional factors on cognitive processes and their importance to the design of man-machine systems intended to function under conditions of threat reviews the literature on stress and human performance, coping strategies, emotion theory, and individual differences in response to stress. A framework for relating…

The term, "schema," used largely as a descriptive convenience rather than a theoretical guidepost in social psychology is examined through an analysis of its development, function, and structure. This paper articulates a model of schema development in adults by defining a schema as a representation of some stimulus domain and a set of…