Investigates the extent to which sex stereotypes impose competence (e.g., not knowing about objects) versus performance limitations (e.g., not performing for lack of reward) and the effects of sex stereotypes on exploration among 56 4- to 9-year-old children. (HOD)

Investigates the relative influence of speech and pointing gesture information in the interpretation of referential acts among children averaging three and five years of age and adults. (HOD)

Presents three articles dealing with: (1) a critical assessment of providing science education for the 16-19 age range (part 3), vocational preparation; (2) thinking and writing in primary science; and (3) teaching science to children from ethnic minority groups. (JN)

A conceptual theory for predicting the relations between intellectual abilities and performance during task practice is proposed and is evaluated through an experiment with high school and college students. This macro-theory integrates hierarchical theories of intellectual abilities with information-processing theories of automatic and controlled…

Provides a listing of recently published books on problem solving and life skills. Reviews articles and ideas related to the teaching of problem solving. Discusses the instructional implications of research in cognitive psychology. (ML)

Presents recent findings and ideas on memory and behavior research. Offers models which suggest how processing occurs for procedural and declarative memories. Discusses the psychological and the molecular processes associated with memory formation. (ML)

Focuses on the brain processes and brain systems involved in learning and memory from a neuropsychological perspective of analysis. Reports findings related to the locus of memory storage, types of memory and knowledge, and memory consolidation. Models of animal memory are also examined. An extensive reference list is included. (ML)

Presents a case study analysis which attempts to illuminate the difference between knowledge accumulation and ability to deal with problem solving in stoichiometry. Competence is presented as ability to properly represent, solve, and verify solutions. Discusses rule or algorithm based vs. heuristic based problem solving. (JM)

Factor analyses of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) were performed on separate groups of Anglo (n=100) and Mexican-American (n=100) fifth-grade children to determine the comparability of underlying structures and to examine the existence of possible bias in construct validity of the K-ABC for each group. (Author/LMO)

Research on teachers' question-asking practices indicates that strategy utilizing both initial and follow-up questions helps students develop the ability to reason for themselves. Five types of follow-up questions discussed are questions seeking: (1) clarification; (2) evidence; (3) greater specificity; (4) a more appropriate focus; and (5)…

Reviews predictions about the future and their implications for secondary education. Proposes a model for secondary schools that would go beyond the acquisition of information to address the uses and integration of information--the development of wisdom. Suggests a core program of thinking skills, social skills, spiritual values, and aesthetics.…

This article first disconfirms the use of traditional evaluation procedures, and then focuses on direct assessment of academic performance. The interactive nature of learning and the use of a task analytical approach to treatment-oriented assessment are emphasized. (LMO)

Results of two studies indicate a tendency among young children to impose organization on information encoded in memory and in relation to increases in metric accuracy, decentration, and efficient scanning, which enable them to more accurately evaluate when such organization is and is not appropriate. (Author)

Three systems of motivation (ability-evaluative, task mastery, and moral responsibility) and their implicit value orientations shared by students and teachers are defined. This qualitative perspective relates to distinct cognition networks, involving goals and values, attributions, and strategy beliefs. Student motivation and teacher motivation…

Explains how a writing course with lyric poetry as its subject matter, when designed according to cognitivist principles, provides an environment in which students can grow as writers and also mature in their ability to respond to literature. (HOD)