A new theoretical analysis of the stop-signal model is proposed. Within the concepts of crude- and net-hazard functions, the nonobservable control-latency distribution can be estimated from observable reaction times. This result allows a test of the Logan and Cowan model (1984) without simplifying assumptions. (SLD)

The development of visual orienting to a cued target on the part of practicing and nonpracticing tennis players aged 13, 16, and 25 years was examined. Results indicated that practicers were not faster than nonpracticers in processing visual information and that subjects of all ages oriented attention voluntarily to cued locations. (LB)

This study of the automatic word and sign recognition of 66 hearing and deaf adults found that responding in sign took longer and created more Stroop interference than responding orally, independent of hearing status. Deaf subjects showed greater automaticity in recognizing signs than words, whereas hearing subjects showed greater automaticity in…

Explains the use of pigeons in behavioral psychology research for modeling human behavior and discusses instructional objectives for humans. Topics addressed include the relationship between response rate and reinforcer rate; resistance to alternative reinforcement; choice and matching; and persistence and reinforcement. (Contains 11 references.)…

Naming speed skills of 45 dyslexic children (mean ages=8, 13, and 17) and slow learning children (mean age=10) were compared with those of normally achieving children. Results indicated that children with dyslexia and slow learners have persistent and severe problems in naming speed for all stimuli, regardless of whether the stimulus requires…

Proposes a new measure of the citation speed of scientific publications based on a stopping time approach. The stochastic process approach in bibliometrics is described, mean response time (MRT) is discussed, harmonic mean response time (HMRT) is explained, and examples are given. (six references) (LRW)

The relationship between speed of information processing (SIP) and psychometric intelligence was investigated by giving 60 college students (22 males and 38 females) 2 choice reaction time (RT) tests (modified Hick paradigm) and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. Results support an association between intelligence and SIP. (SLD)

A task involving movements with either hand to near or far targets was employed with 16 adults with mental retardation (9 of whom had Down's syndrome). Specific features of the movement were precued. Both groups were able to use advance information to reduce movement preparation time and were not limited by a fixed-order movement preparation…

Children and adults were tested on a mental rotation task in which letters were presented in different orientations. The task was performed by itself or with a memory task. Results indicated that the relation of response time to stimulus orientation in the rotation task was the same in both conditions. (BC)

Administered 2 elementary cognitive task (ECT) tests and 2 psychometric intelligence tests to 169 monozygotic and 131 dizygotic pairs of twins in Germany. Reaction times correlated negatively with psychometric intelligence, and habitability estimates were substantial for both psychometric intelligence and reaction times on the ECTs. Multivariate…

Investigates perception by manipulating the requirement to discriminate between kinesthetic stimuli and the translation process by manipulating stimulus-response compatibility. Results indicated that the kinesthetic reaction time of clumsy children was found to be longer than that of controls. Claims that the findings may indicate that clumsiness…

Effect of a 4 s constant time delay procedure on motor skill completion durations was examined. Participants were four adolescents with severe mental retardation. Results indicated that data patterns between adjacent baseline and intervention phases were visually different and statistically significant in the direction of less time. (Contains…

A study investigated phonological processing skills of 28 undergraduates with dyslexia. When compared to 31 controls, subjects performed significantly less well on standardized measures of reading and spelling but in the average range. Controls, however, performed significantly better on all phonological processing measures, particularly those…

Research indicates that attentional deficits exist in aphasic individuals. However, relatively little is known about auditory vigilance performance in individuals with aphasia. The current study explores reaction time (RT) and accuracy in 10 aphasic participants and 10 nonbrain-damaged controls during linguistic and nonlinguistic auditory…

ourse comprehensionEvidence conflicts as to whether adults with right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) generate inferences during text comprehension. M. Beeman (1993) reported that adults with RHD fail to activate the lexical-semantic bases of routine bridging inferences, which are necessary for comprehension. But other evidence indicates that adults…